线性表综合实验（静态链表）

一．实验目的
巩固线性表的数据结构的存储方法和相关操作，学会针对具体应用，使用线性表的相关知识来解决具体问题。
二. 实验内容
1.建立一个由n个学生成绩的顺序表，n的大小由自己确定，每一个学生的成绩信息由自己确定，实现数据的对表进行插入、删除、查找等操作。分别输出结果。

源代码：

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
const int MaxSize = 10;

struct Student      //定义Student结构体
{
    string name;
    int Chinese;
    int Math;
    int English;
    int Sum;
};
ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const Student &ob)   //重载左移运算符，使其能直接输出自定义类型“Student”
{
    os << ob.name << "\t";
    os << ob.Chinese << "\t";
    os << ob.Math << "\t";
    os << ob.English << "\t";
    os << ob.Sum << "\t";
    return os;
}
template <class DataType>
struct SNode
{
    DataType data;
    int next;   //指针域(也称游标)
 };

template <class DataType>
class StaticLink
{
public:

    StaticLink(DataType a[], int n);
    ~StaticLink();
    int Length();
    DataType Get(int index);
    int Locate(string x);
    void Insert(DataType x, int index);
    DataType Delete(int i);
    void PrintList();

private:
    int  first;  // 定义头指针
    int  avail;
    SNode<Student> SList[MaxSize];      //定义结点数组
    int length;

};

template <class DataType>
void StaticLink<DataType> ::PrintList()
{
    int s = first;
    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;
    cout << "姓名" << "\t" << "语文" << "\t" << "数学" << "\t" << "英语" << "\t" << "总分" << "\t" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i <length; i++)
    {   
        s = SList[s].next;
        cout << SList[s].data  << endl; 
    }
    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;

}

template <class DataType>
int StaticLink<DataType>::Length()
{
    return length;
}
template <class DataType>
DataType StaticLink<DataType>::Get(int index)
{
    int s = first;
    for (int i= 0; i <index; i++)
    {
        s = SList[s].next;
    }
    return SList[s].data;

}

template <class DataType>
int StaticLink<DataType>::Locate(string x)
{
    int i = 1;
    int s = first;
    for (; i < length; i++)
    {
        s = SList[s].next;
        if (SList[s].data.name == x)
            break;
    }
    return i;
}

template <class DataType>
void StaticLink<DataType>::Insert(DataType x, int index)
{

    int s = first;
    for (int i = 1; i <index; i++)
    {
        s = SList[s].next;  
    }
    int i = avail;  //此i变量与循环变量i无关
    avail = SList[avail].next;
    SList[i].data = x;
    SList[i].next = SList[s].next;
    SList[s].next = i;
    SList[i].data.Sum = SList[i].data.Chinese + SList[i].data.Math + SList[i].data.English; //赋值Sum
    length++;
}


template <class DataType>
StaticLink<DataType>::StaticLink(DataType a[], int n)
{   
    avail = 1; first = 1; length = 0;   
    for (int i = 0; i < MaxSize; i++)       //初始化空间
    {
        SList[i].next= i + 1;
    }
    SList[MaxSize].next = -1;
    for (int i = n-1; i >=0; i--)   //逆向赋值，避免逆序输入
    {   
        int s = avail;
        avail = SList[avail].next;
        SList[s].data = a[i];
        SList[s].next = SList[first].next;
        SList[first].next = s;
        length++;
    }           
}


template <class DataType>
DataType StaticLink<DataType>::Delete(int i)
{
    int q = 1;
    int s = first;
    if (i<1 || i>length)        //判断输入位置是否异常
        throw "删除位置异常";
    else
    {   
        for (; q < i; q++)      //省略第一个条件
        {
            s = SList[s].next;
        }
        q = SList[s].next;
        DataType x = SList[q].data;
        SList[s].next = SList[q].next;
        SList[q].next = avail;
        avail = q;
        length--;
        return x;
    }

}

template <class DataType>
StaticLink <DataType>::~StaticLink()
{
    length = 0;
    cout << "链表已成功删除。" << endl;

}
int main()
{

    Student stu[MaxSize]; //最大容纳量
    int num;
    string TempName;
    cout << "请输入学生人数：";
    cin >> num;

    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        cout << "输入“break”退出输入" << endl;
        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "名学生姓名:";
        cin >> TempName;
        if (TempName == "break")
        {
            num = i;
            break;
        }
        stu[i].name = TempName;
        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "名学生语文成绩:";
        cin >> stu[i].Chinese;
        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "名学生数学成绩:";
        cin >> stu[i].Math;
        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "名学生英语成绩:";
        cin >> stu[i].English;
        stu[i].Sum = stu[i].Chinese + stu[i].Math + stu[i].English;
        cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;
    }

    StaticLink<Student> demo(stu, num);
    demo.PrintList();
    cout << "链表总长为：";
    cout << demo.Length() << endl;
    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;

    cout << "查找第三名学生成绩:" << endl;
    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;
    cout << "姓名" << "\t" << "语文" << "\t" << "数学" << "\t" << "英语" << "\t" << "总分" << "\t" << endl;
    cout << demo.Get(3) << endl;
    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;

    cout << "查找姓名为“霜降”的位置:" << demo.Locate("霜降") << endl;
    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;

    cout << "在第二与第三间插入“秋分”同学的成绩" << endl;
    demo.Insert({ "秋分",95,86,93}, 3);
    demo.PrintList();
    cout << "链表总长为：";
    cout << demo.Length() << endl;
    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;
    cout << "删除第3位同学的成绩:" << demo.Delete(3).name<<endl;
    demo.PrintList();
    return 0;
}