hadoop 常见面试题

1. hdfs yarn常用命令整理

hdfs

新建文件路径：hdfs dfs -mkdir /input  
文件上传：hdfs dfs -put wordcount.txt /input/ 
查看文件系统：hdfs dfs -ls /
文件下载：hdfs dfs -get /input/wordcount.txt ~/aa
查看文本：hdfs dfs -text /input/wordcount.txt
查找文件：hdfs dfs -find /input wordcou
查看文本：hdfs dfs -cat /input/wordcount.txt
上传文件：hdfs dfs -copyFromLocal wordcount.txt /input/wordcount2.txt
下载文件：hdfs dfs -copyToLocal /input/wordcount2.txt wordcount2.txt
复制文件：hdfs dfs -cp /input/wordcount.txt /input/wordcount3.txt
显示磁盘分区上可以使用的磁盘空间：hdfs dfs -df /
显示每个文件和目录的磁盘使用空间：hdfs dfs -du / 

yarn

yarn application -list     列出所有 application 信息

yarn application -kill <Application ID>   杀死一个 application，需要指定一个 Application ID 
	示例：yarn  application -kill application_1526100291229_206393

yarn application -status <Application ID>  列出 某个application 的状态
	示例：yarn  application -status application_1526100291229_206393

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2.压缩哪几种:gzip lzo snappy bzip2

[hadoop@ruozedata001 sbin]$ hadoop checknative
19/08/21 00:50:09 INFO bzip2.Bzip2Factory: Successfully loaded & initialized native-bzip2 library system-native
19/08/21 00:50:09 INFO zlib.ZlibFactory: Successfully loaded & initialized native-zlib library
Native library checking:
hadoop:  true /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.1/lib/native/libhadoop.so.1.0.0
zlib:    true /lib64/libz.so.1
snappy:  true /lib64/libsnappy.so.1
lz4:     true revision:10301
bzip2:   true /lib64/libbz2.so.1
openssl: false Cannot load libcrypto.so (libcrypto.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory)!

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3.ruozedata002 standby节点机器上，能不能直接读 hdfs dfs -ls hdfs://ruozedata002:8020/: 不能;能不能直接写 hdfs dfs -put xxx.log hdfs://ruozedata002:8020/ :不能

[hadoop@ruozedata002 hadoop]$ hdfs dfs -ls hdfs://ruozedata002:8020/
ls: Operation category READ is not supported in state standby. Visit https://s.apache.org/sbnn-error

[hadoop@ruozedata002 hadoop]$  hdfs dfs -put slaves hdfs://ruozedata002:8020/
put: Operation category READ is not supported in state standby. Visit https://s.apache.org/sbnn-error

[hadoop@ruozedata001 sbin]$ hdfs dfs -ls / hdfs://ruozedata002:8020/
ls: Operation category READ is not supported in state standby. Visit https://s.apache.org/sbnn-error
Found 1 items
drwxrwx---   - hadoop hadoop          0 2019-08-20 22:57 /tmp
[hadoop@ruozedata001 sbin]$ hdfs dfs -ls / hdfs://ruozedata001:8020/
Found 1 items
drwxrwx---   - hadoop hadoop          0 2019-08-20 22:57 /tmp
Found 1 items
drwxrwx---   - hadoop hadoop          0 2019-08-20 22:57 hdfs://ruozedata001:8020/tmp

[hadoop@ruozedata002 hadoop]$  hdfs dfs -ls / hdfs://ruozedata002:8020/
ls: Operation category READ is not supported in state standby. Visit https://s.apache.org/sbnn-error
Found 1 items
drwxrwx---   - hadoop hadoop          0 2019-08-20 22:57 /tmp

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4.什么是hdfs的安全模式？如何进，如何离开？

那么在安全模式下，能读文件吗 ？能写文件吗？

hadoop dfsadmin -safemode leave   强制NameNode退出安全模式
hadoop dfsadmin -safemode enter   进入安全模式
hadoop dfsadmin -safemode get     查看安全模式状态
hadoop dfsadmin -safemode wait    等待一直到安全模式结束

能读文件不能写文件

[hadoop@ruozedata001 ~]$ hdfs dfs -cat /input/wordcount2.txt
腊神话里这样传诵：爱神出生时创造了玫瑰，因此玫瑰从那个时代起就成为了爱情的代名词。而在19世纪初，法国开始兴起花语，随即流行到英国与美国，主要是由一些作家所
[hadoop@ruozedata001 ~]$ hdfs dfs -cp /input/wordcount.txt /input/wordcount4.txt
cp: Cannot create file/input/wordcount4.txt._COPYING_. Name node is in safe mode.

5.hdfs ha启动过程中，那么多进程，先后顺序关系是什么? dn进程是最后启动吗？

namenodes -> datanode -> journalnode -> zkfc

Starting namenodes on [ruozedata001 ruozedata002]
ruozedata001: starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-ruozedata001.out
ruozedata002: starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-ruozedata002.out
ruozedata001: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-ruozedata001.out
ruozedata002: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-ruozedata002.out
ruozedata003: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-ruozedata003.out
Starting journal nodes [ruozedata001 ruozedata002 ruozedata003]
ruozedata002: journalnode running as process 22749. Stop it first.
ruozedata001: journalnode running as process 25521. Stop it first.
ruozedata003: journalnode running as process 19361. Stop it first.
Starting ZK Failover Controllers on NN hosts [ruozedata001 ruozedata002]
ruozedata002: starting zkfc, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-zkfc-ruozedata002.out
ruozedata001: starting zkfc, logging to /home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-zkfc-ruozedata001.out