DI与HTTPClient

1. 依赖注入：是一种编程模式，可以让类从外部源中获得它的依赖，而不必亲自创建它们

     父子间同一个服务只需注入一次依赖注入的实例

自动依赖注入： 无论通过像<hero-list></hero-list>这样的 HTML 标签还是通过路由导航到组件 —— 它都会自己管理好注入器的创建和调用

2, httpClient拦截可为所有的请求统一设置表头

import {Injectable} from '@angular/core';
import {HttpEvent, HttpInterceptor, HttpHandler, HttpRequest} from '@angular/common/http';

@Injectable()
export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {
  constructor(private auth: AuthService) {}
  intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
    // Get the auth header from the service.
    const authHeader = this.auth.getAuthorizationHeader();
    // Clone the request to add the new header.
    const authReq = req.clone({headers: req.headers.set('Authorization', authHeader)});
    // Pass on the cloned request instead of the original request.
    return next.handle(authReq);
  }
}

简捷写法：const authReq = req.clone({setHeaders: {Authorization: authHeader}});