阻塞队列与同步队列的使用

队列

在Collection下的子类中存在队列，其中常见的有阻塞队列和同步队列。如下图所示：

阻塞队列

阻塞队列存在四组API，分别对应着四种队列的阻塞情况。

阻塞队列	抛出异常	有返回值	等待阻塞	等待超时
入队方法	add()	offer()	put()	offer(值,超时时间,超时单位)
出队方法	remove()	poll()	take()	poll(超时时间,超时单位)
获取队顶方法	element()	peek()
队满或队空输出结果	抛出异常	返回false或null	一直阻塞	等待超时

测试：

    /**
     * 抛出异常
     */
    public static void test1() {
        ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue(3);
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("a"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("b"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("c"));
//        System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("d"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.element());
        System.out.println("=====================================");
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
//        System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
    }

    /**
     * 有返回值，不抛出异常
     */
    public static void test2() {
        ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue(3);
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("d"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.peek());
        System.out.println("=====================================");
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
    }

    /**
     * 等待，阻塞（一直阻塞）
     */
    public static void test3() throws InterruptedException {
        ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue(3);
        blockingQueue.put("a");
        blockingQueue.put("b");
        blockingQueue.put("c");
//        blockingQueue.put("d");     //队列没有位置了，一直阻塞
        System.out.println("=====================================");
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
//        System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());   //没有这个元素，一直阻塞
    }

    /**
     * 等待，阻塞（等待超时）
     */
    public static void test4() throws InterruptedException {
        ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue(3);
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c"));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("d",2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.peek());
        System.out.println("=====================================");
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
        System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
    }

同步队列

在同步队列中只有出队以后才允许入队，否则一直处于阻塞状态。

测试：

public class SynchronousQueueDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue = new SynchronousQueue<>();     //同步队列
        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"put 1");
                blockingQueue.put("1");
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"put 2");
                blockingQueue.put("2");
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"put 3");
                blockingQueue.put("3");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        },"T1").start();

        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"take 1");
                blockingQueue.take();
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"take 2");
                blockingQueue.take();
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"take 3");
                blockingQueue.take();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        },"T1").start();
    }
}

结果：