使用CAS解决ABA问题

CAS是什么

CAS是java利用unsafe类通过对计算机底层的调用来进行数据的操作。底层实现为自旋锁。

测试

public class CASDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(2020);
//        public final boolean compareAndSet(int expect, int update)
//        如果期望的值达到了，那么就更新，否则，就不更新，CAS 是 CPU 的并发原型
        System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020, 2021));
        System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());

        System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2021, 2020));
        System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());

        System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020, 6666));
        System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());
    }
}

结果输出

利用CAS解决ABA问题

CAS对数据修改时，可能会出现对数据修改两次，修改后值与之前相同的情况，因此会认定为未修改，此类问题被称为ABA问题，为了解决此类问题可以使用乐观锁，对每次记录新增一个记录，每次修改记录+1。

测试

public class CASDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        AtomicStampedReference<Integer> atomicStampedReference = new AtomicStampedReference<>(1,1);

        new Thread(()->{
            int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp();   //获得版本号
            System.out.println("a1 =>"+atomicStampedReference.getStamp());

            System.out.println(atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(1, 2, atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1));

            System.out.println("a2 =>"+atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
            System.out.println(atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(2, 1, atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1));

            System.out.println("a3 =>"+atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
        },"a").start();

        new Thread(()->{
            int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp();   //获得版本号
            System.out.println("b1 =>"+stamp);
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            System.out.println(atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(1, 6, atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1));
            System.out.println("b2 =>"+atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
        },"b").start();

    }
}

输出结果