设计模式之建造者模式

建造者模式实例

在我们平时编码过程中如果遇到一些特别复杂的Model，或者Model中各个字段之间存在一些依赖关系的时候，为了避免逻辑混乱，可以使用建造者模式进行封装处理。

首先建造者模式可以使用如下方法

package 建造者模式.v1;

public class BuildTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        Product product = new Product();
//        product.setCompanyName("xxx");
//        product.setPart1("xxx");
//        //......

        ProductBuilder productBuilder = new DefaultConcreteProductBuilder();
        Director director = new Director(productBuilder);
        Product product = director.makeProduct("companyName", "part1", "part2", "part3", "part4", "part5");
        System.out.println(product);
    }
}

interface ProductBuilder{
    void builderCompanyName(String companyName);
    void builderPart1(String part1);
    void builderPart2(String part2);
    void builderPart3(String part3);
    void builderPart4(String part4);
    void builderPart5(String part5);

    Product build();
}

class DefaultConcreteProductBuilder implements ProductBuilder{

    private String companyName;
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
    private String part3;
    private String part4;
    private String part5;

    @Override
    public void builderCompanyName(String companyName) {
        this.companyName = companyName;
    }

    @Override
    public void builderPart1(String part1) {
        this.part1 = part1;
    }

    @Override
    public void builderPart2(String part2) {
        this.part2 = part2;
    }

    @Override
    public void builderPart3(String part3) {
        this.part3 = part3;
    }

    @Override
    public void builderPart4(String part4) {
        this.part4 = part4;
    }

    @Override
    public void builderPart5(String part5) {
        this.part5 = part5;
    }

    @Override
    public Product build() {
        return new Product(this.companyName,this.part1,this.part2,this.part3,this.part4,this.part5);
    }
}

class Director{
    private ProductBuilder builder;
    public Director(ProductBuilder builder){
        this.builder=builder;
    }

    public Product makeProduct(String companyName, String part1, String part2, String part3, String part4, String part5){
        builder.builderCompanyName(companyName);
        builder.builderPart1(part1);
        builder.builderPart2(part2);
        builder.builderPart3(part3);
        builder.builderPart4(part4);
        builder.builderPart5(part5);
        Product product = builder.build();
        return product;
    }
}

class Product {
    private String companyName;
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
    private String part3;
    private String part4;
    private String part5;
    //......

    public Product() {
    }

    public Product(String companyName, String part1, String part2, String part3, String part4, String part5) {
        this.companyName = companyName;
        this.part1 = part1;
        this.part2 = part2;
        this.part3 = part3;
        this.part4 = part4;
        this.part5 = part5;
    }

    public String getCompanyName() {
        return companyName;
    }

    public void setCompanyName(String companyName) {
        this.companyName = companyName;
    }

    public String getPart1() {
        return part1;
    }

    public void setPart1(String part1) {
        this.part1 = part1;
    }

    public String getPart2() {
        return part2;
    }

    public void setPart2(String part2) {
        this.part2 = part2;
    }

    public String getPart3() {
        return part3;
    }

    public void setPart3(String part3) {
        this.part3 = part3;
    }

    public String getPart4() {
        return part4;
    }

    public void setPart4(String part4) {
        this.part4 = part4;
    }

    public String getPart5() {
        return part5;
    }

    public void setPart5(String part5) {
        this.part5 = part5;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "companyName='" + companyName + '\'' +
                ", part1='" + part1 + '\'' +
                ", part2='" + part2 + '\'' +
                ", part3='" + part3 + '\'' +
                ", part4='" + part4 + '\'' +
                ", part5='" + part5 + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

使用ProductBuilder定义接口，实现类的构建，使用Director来定义构建方式和构建顺序，以此达到定制化的构建。

如果业务没有上述那么复杂，也可以使用以下方式动态的配置类的构建过程。

public class BuildTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Product.Builder builder = new Product.Builder().productName("productName").part1("part1").part2("part2").part3("part3").part4("part4").part5("part5");
        Product product = builder.build();
        System.out.println(product);
    }
}

class Product {
    private final String companyName;
    private final String part1;
    private final String part2;
    private final String part3;
    private final String part4;
    private final String part5;
    //......

    public Product(String companyName, String part1, String part2, String part3, String part4, String part5) {
        this.companyName = companyName;
        this.part1 = part1;
        this.part2 = part2;
        this.part3 = part3;
        this.part4 = part4;
        this.part5 = part5;
    }


    static class Builder{
        private String companyName;
        private String part1;
        private String part2;
        private String part3;
        private String part4;
        private String part5;

        public Builder productName(String productName){
            this.companyName=productName;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder part1(String part1){
            this.part1=part1;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder part2(String part2){
            this.part2=part2;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder part3(String part3){
            this.part3=part3;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder part4(String part4){
            this.part4=part4;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder part5(String part5){
            this.part5=part5;
            return this;
        }

        Product build(){
            Product product = new Product(this.companyName, this.part1, this.part2, this.part3, this.part4, this.part5);
            return product;
        }

    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "companyName='" + companyName + '\'' +
                ", part1='" + part1 + '\'' +
                ", part2='" + part2 + '\'' +
                ", part3='" + part3 + '\'' +
                ", part4='" + part4 + '\'' +
                ", part5='" + part5 + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

可以使用静态内部类Builder构建，每次赋值以后返回当前对象，以此达到可以链式动态赋值的方式。

应用场景

1. 需要生成的对象具有复杂的内部结构。
2. 需要生成的对象内部属性本身相互依赖。
3. 与不可变对象(final)配合使用。

优点

1. 建造者独立，以扩展。
2. 便于控制细节风险。