Linux磁盘扩容（LVM/非LVM）

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-20 17:11:44 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-20 17:11:44 发布

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文章标签： linux 运维服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40363162/article/details/138502798

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常用的LVM部署命令

功能/命令	物理卷管理	卷组管理	逻辑卷管理
扫描	pvscan	vgscan	lvscan
建立	pvcreate	vgcreate	lvcreate
显示	pvdisplay	vgdisplay	lvdisplay
删除	pvremove	vgremove	lvremove
扩展		vgextend	lvextend
缩小		vgreduce	lvreduce

LVM扩容以及缩小

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0   60G  0 disk
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0   59G  0 part
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   37G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0  3.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0 18.1G  0 lvm  /home
sr0              11:0    1  9.5G  0 rom  /run/media/gh/CentOS 7 x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# pvs  #查看
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda2  centos lvm2 a--  <59.00g 4.00m
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  centos   1   3   0 wz--n- <59.00g 4.00m
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  home centos -wi-ao----  18.08g
  root centos -wi-ao---- <37.04g
  swap centos -wi-ao----  <3.88g
[root@localhost ~]#


xfs不支持缩减
[root@server1 ~]# lvextend -L +300M /dev/test1/lv 
  Size of logical volume test1/lv changed from 120.00 MiB (30 extents) to 420.00 MiB (105 extents).
  Logical volume test1/lv successfully resized.
[root@server1 ~]# lvs
  LV   VG    Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root rhel  -wi-ao---- <17.00g                                                    
  swap rhel  -wi-ao----   2.00g                                                    
  lv   test1 -wi-a----- 420.00m                                                    
[root@server1 ~]# lsblk 
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda             8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
└─test1-lv    253:2    0  420M  0 lvm    #扩大
sdb             8:16   0   20G  0 disk 
sdc             8:32   0   20G  0 disk 
sr0            11:0    1  7.9G  0 rom  /root/sr0
nvme0n1       259:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─nvme0n1p1   259:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2   259:2    0   19G  0 part 
  ├─rhel-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  └─rhel-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]

[root@server1 ~]# mount /dev/test1/lv /root/lvv/   挂载之后刷新
[root@server1 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/test1/lv   刷新
meta-data=/dev/mapper/test1-lv   isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=7680 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=30720, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=1368, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 30720 to 107520
[root@server1 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     1.9G  9.6M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs        17G  4.9G   13G  29% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1        xfs      1014M  230M  785M  23% /boot
tmpfs                 tmpfs     376M  1.2M  375M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                 tmpfs     376M  4.0K  376M   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0              iso9660   7.9G  7.9G     0 100% /root/sr0
/dev/mapper/test1-lv  xfs       415M  9.8M  405M   3% /root/lvv   #设备

#ext格式
[root@server1 ~]# lvcreate -n ext -L 300M test1 
  Logical volume "ext" created.
[root@server1 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/test1/ext 
mke2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Creating filesystem with 307200 1k blocks and 76912 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 822265e6-d394-4741-8a7e-f8553e61529c
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 
[root@server1 ~]# lvs
  LV   VG    Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root rhel  -wi-ao---- <17.00g                                                    
  swap rhel  -wi-ao----   2.00g                                                    
  ext  test1 -wi-a----- 300.00m                                                    
  lv   test1 -wi-ao---- 420.00m    

#增加或是删减时，设备必须是在未挂载情况下进行
增加
1.磁盘检查
[root@server1 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/test1/ext 
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/test1/ext: 11/76912 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 19977/307200 blocks

2.调整大小
[root@server1 ~]# lvextend -L 500M /dev/test1/ext 
  Size of logical volume test1/ext changed from 300.00 MiB (75 extents) to 500.00 MiB (125 extents).
  Logical volume test1/ext successfully resized.
[root@server1 ~]# lvs
  LV   VG    Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root rhel  -wi-ao---- <17.00g                                                    
  swap rhel  -wi-ao----   2.00g                                                    
  ext  test1 -wi-a----- 500.00m                                                    
  lv   test1 -wi-ao---- 420.00m   
3.检查磁盘
[root@server1 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/test1/ext 
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/test1/ext: 11/76912 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 19977/307200 blocks
[root@server1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/test1/ext   重置磁盘
resize2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/test1/ext to 512000 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/test1/ext is now 512000 (1k) blocks long.

4.挂载查看
[root@server1 ~]# lsblk 
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda             8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─test1-lv    253:2    0  420M  0 lvm  /root/lvv
└─test1-ext   253:3    0  500M  0 lvm  /root/ext   #容量更改
sdb             8:16   0   20G  0 disk 
sdc             8:32   0   20G  0 disk 
sr0            11:0    1  7.9G  0 rom  /root/sr0
nvme0n1       259:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─nvme0n1p1   259:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2   259:2    0   19G  0 part 
  ├─rhel-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  └─rhel-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
[root@server1 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     1.9G  9.6M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs        17G  4.9G   13G  29% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1        xfs      1014M  230M  785M  23% /boot
tmpfs                 tmpfs     376M  1.2M  375M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                 tmpfs     376M  4.0K  376M   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0              iso9660   7.9G  7.9G     0 100% /root/sr0
/dev/mapper/test1-lv  xfs       415M  9.8M  405M   3% /root/lvv
/dev/mapper/test1-ext ext4      477M  2.3M  446M   1% /root/ext   #容量更改

删减  
1.卸载磁盘并检查磁盘
[root@server1 ~]# umount /dev/test/ext
umount: /dev/test/ext: no mount point specified.
[root@server1 ~]# umount /dev/test1/ext
[root@server1 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/test1/ext 
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/test1/ext: 11/127512 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 26612/512000 blocks
3.删减容量
[root@server1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/test1/ext 400M   重置磁盘容量
resize2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/test1/ext to 409600 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/test1/ext is now 409600 (1k) blocks long.

[root@server1 ~]# lvreduce -L 400M /dev/test1/ext  逻辑卷删减
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 400.00 MiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce test1/ext? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume test1/ext changed from 500.00 MiB (125 extents) to 400.00 MiB (100 extents).
  Logical volume test1/ext successfully resized.
4.检查磁盘
[root@server1 ~]# lvreduce -L 400M /dev/test1/ext 
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 400.00 MiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce test1/ext? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume test1/ext changed from 500.00 MiB (125 extents) to 400.00 MiB (100 extents).
  Logical volume test1/ext successfully resized.
[root@server1 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/test1/ext 
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/test1/ext: 11/101200 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 23297/409600 blocks
5.挂载查看
[root@server1 ~]# lsblk 
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda             8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─test1-lv    253:2    0  420M  0 lvm  /root/lvv
└─test1-ext   253:3    0  400M  0 lvm  
sdb             8:16   0   20G  0 disk 
sdc             8:32   0   20G  0 disk 
sr0            11:0    1  7.9G  0 rom  /root/sr0
nvme0n1       259:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─nvme0n1p1   259:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2   259:2    0   19G  0 part 
  ├─rhel-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  └─rhel-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
[root@server1 ~]# mount /dev/test1/ext /root/ext/
[root@server1 ~]# df -TH
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     2.0G   11M  2.0G   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs        19G  5.3G   13G  29% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1        xfs       1.1G  241M  824M  23% /boot
tmpfs                 tmpfs     394M  1.2M  393M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                 tmpfs     394M  4.1k  394M   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0              iso9660   8.5G  8.5G     0 100% /root/sr0
/dev/mapper/test1-lv  xfs       435M   11M  425M   3% /root/lvv
/dev/mapper/test1-ext ext4      398M  2.4M  371M   1% /root/ext

非LVM扩容

对设备原有磁盘大小进行扩容

[gh@localhost ~]$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   31G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0  300M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    0 17.7G  0 part /
sr0     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

[gh@localhost ~]$ df -TH
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs       devtmpfs  938M     0  938M   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     954M     0  954M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     954M   11M  944M   2% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs     954M     0  954M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3      xfs        20G  5.5G   14G  29% /
/dev/sda1      xfs       312M  171M  141M  55% /boot
tmpfs          tmpfs     191M   13k  191M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs          tmpfs     191M     0  191M   0% /run/user/1000
[gh@localhost ~]$



通过fdisk做根目录扩容
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag   #切换可启动标志
   b   edit bsd disklabel    #编辑BSD磁盘标签
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag   #切换DOS兼容性标志
   d   delete a partition  #删除除一个分区
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table   #创建一个新的空GPT分区表
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table   #创建一个IRIX（SGI）分区表
   l   list known partition types   #列出已知的分区类型
   m   print this menu   #打印此菜单
   n   add a new partition    #添加一个新的分区
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table   #创建一个新的空DOS分区表
   p   print the partition table   #打印分区表
   q   quit without saving changes   #不保存更改退出
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel   #创建一个新的空Sun磁盘标签
   t   change a partition's system id    # 更改分区的系统ID
   u   change display/entry units		#更改显示/条目单位
   v   verify the partition table  		#验证分区表
   w   write table to disk and exit		#将表写入磁盘并退出
   x   extra functionality (experts only)	#额外功能（仅限专家）
   
Command (m for help):p

Disk /dev/sda: 33.3 GB, 33285996544 bytes, 65011712 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ca3d7

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      616447      307200   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          616448     4810751     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3         4810752    41943039    18566144   83  Linux   #根目录，指定开始节点4810752

Command (m for help):d
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Partition 3 is deleted

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 33.3 GB, 33285996544 bytes, 65011712 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ca3d7

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      616447      307200   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          616448     4810751     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris



Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (4810752-65011711, default 4810752): 4810752
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4810752-65011711, default 65011711): +20G
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 33.3 GB, 33285996544 bytes, 65011712 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ca3d7

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      616447      307200   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          616448     4810751     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3         4810752    46753791    20971520   83  Linux #可以看到分区结束位置

Command (m for help): w  #保存退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

#此时还需要进行磁盘刷新
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   31G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0  300M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    0 17.7G  0 part /
sr0     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
[root@localhost ~]# df -TH
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs       devtmpfs  938M     0  938M   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     954M     0  954M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     954M   11M  944M   2% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs     954M     0  954M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3      xfs        20G  5.5G   14G  29% /
/dev/sda1      xfs       312M  171M  141M  55% /boot
tmpfs          tmpfs     191M   13k  191M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs          tmpfs     191M     0  191M   0% /run/user/1000


[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/sda
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   31G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0  300M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    0   20G  0 part /
sr0     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
[root@localhost ~]# df -TH
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs       devtmpfs  938M     0  938M   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     954M     0  954M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     954M   11M  944M   2% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs     954M     0  954M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3      xfs        20G  5.5G   14G  29% /
/dev/sda1      xfs       312M  171M  141M  55% /boot
tmpfs          tmpfs     191M   13k  191M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs          tmpfs     191M     0  191M   0% /run/user/1000