虚析构函数

析构函数

析构函数的作用是在对象生命周期结束时，进行善后的工作被用来释放内存空间。

class Base
{
public:
    Base() {
        cout << "Base()" << endl;
    }
    ~Base() {
        cout << "~Base()" << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Base* pa = new Base;  //显示Base()  对象被构造
    delete pa;            //显示~Base() ~对象被析构
 }

虚析构函数

在有继承关系的类中，需要将基类的析构函数定义为虚函数，原因是因为当创建派生类对象时，是先调用基类构造函数构造基类部分，再调用派生类构造函数构造派生类部分。然而如果用基类类型的指针创建一个派生类对象，这个指针就只能调用它基类部分的析构函数。

class Base
{
public:
    Base() {
        cout << "Base()" << endl;
    }
    ~Base() {
        cout << "~Base()" << endl;
    }
};

class Derived : public Base
{
public:
    Derived() {
        cout << "Derived()" << endl;
    };
    ~Derived() {
        cout << "~Derived()" << endl;
    };
};

int main()
{
    Base* pa = new Base;
    Derived* pb = new Derived;
    pa = pb;
    delete pa;
}

输出如下：

如同所示先创建基类对象调用一次Base()再创建派生类对象调用Base()以及Derived()最后析构时确只调用了~Base()此时派生类部分没有被析构，这就造成了内存泄漏。
因此我们应当这样写：

class Base
{
public:
    Base() {
        cout << "Base()" << endl;
    }
    virtual ~Base() {
        cout << "~Base()" << endl;
    }
};

class Derived : public Base
{
public:
    Derived() {
        cout << "Derived()" << endl;
    };
    ~Derived() {
        cout << "~Derived()" << endl;
    };
};

int main()
{
    Base* pa = new Base;
    Derived* pb = new Derived;
    pa = pb;
    delete pa;

}

这样就避免了内存泄漏。