运算符重载

运算符重载函数作为成员函数

class Complex {
public:
	Complex() { 
		real = 0.0, imag = 0.0;
	}
	Complex(double real, double imag) {
		this->real = real;
		this->imag = imag;
	}
	Complex operator+ (Complex &c2);
	void display();
private:
	double real,imag;
};
//运算符重载函数定义：
Complex Complex::operator+(Complex &c2) {
	Complex c;
	c.real = real + c2.real;
	c.imag = imag + c2.imag;
	return c;
	//return(Complex(real+c2.real,imag+c2.imag)）;//这样比较简便
}
void Complex::display() {
	cout << real << "+" << imag << "i" << endl;
}

int main() {	
	Complex c1(3, 1);
	Complex c2(4, 4);
	Complex c = c1 + c2;
	c.display();
	system("pause");		
}

解读

1 运算符的重载实质上函数的重载。
c1 + c2相当于c1.operator+(c2)，这里operator+是一个函数名。

不允许重载的运算符

成员访问运算符	成员指针访问运算符	域运算符	长度运算符	条件运算符
.	*	：：	sizeof	？：

运算符重载函数作为友元类函数（效果与上面相同）

class Complex {
public:
	Complex() { 
		real = 0.0, imag = 0.0;
	}
	Complex(double real, double imag) {
		this->real = real;
		this->imag = imag;
	}
	friend Complex operator+ (Complex &c1, Complex &c2);
	void display();
private:
	double real,imag;
};
void Complex::display() {
	cout << real << "+" << imag << "i" << endl;
}
Complex operator+ (Complex &c1, Complex &c2) {
	return Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imag + c2.imag);
}
int main() {	
	Complex c1(3, 1);
	Complex c2(4, 4);
	Complex c = c1 + c2;
	c.display();
	system("pause");		
}

c1+c2相当于operator+(c1,c2)。

总结

如果作为成员函数，他可以通过this指针自由地访问本类的数据成员，因此可以少些一个函数的参数。作为友元函数，则函数的参数列表中必须有两个参数，不能省略