初识Parcelable

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-18 11:07:23 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-18 11:07:23 发布

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分类专栏： Parcelable 文章标签： android 移动开发接口

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40509784/article/details/105627444

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初识Parcelable

关于Parcelable

关于Parcelable

Parcelable接口主要应用于Controller之间传递数据时使用

创建项目

本文为学习类文档，通过学习B站up主longway777的视频，再加上自己的总结与理解的学习类文章，如有侵权，请联系博主进行删除
创建一个项目，在首页面中设置数据，点击按钮进行传递数据，并将数据带入第二个界面中进行显示。

设计student类

包含name，age，score（math，student）实现Parcelable接口，无需自己写代码，根据提示添加Parcelable接口
在这里插入图片描述

import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;

public class Student implements Parcelable{  //声明实现Parcelable接口
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Score score;

    public Student(String name, int age, Score score) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.score = score;
    }

    protected Student(Parcel in) {
        name = in.readString();
        age = in.readInt();
        score = in.readParcelable(Score.class.getClassLoader());
    }

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeString(name);
        dest.writeInt(age);
        dest.writeParcelable(score, flags);
    }

    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    public static final Creator<Student> CREATOR = new Creator<Student>() {
        @Override
        public Student createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new Student(in);
        }

        @Override
        public Student[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Student[size];
        }
    };

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Score getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(Score score) {
        this.score = score;
    }
}

class Score implements Parcelable {  //点击类的名称添加implementation
    private int math;
    private int English;

    public Score(int math, int english) {
        this.math = math;
        English = english;
    }

    protected Score(Parcel in) {
        math = in.readInt();
        English = in.readInt();
    }

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeInt(math);
        dest.writeInt(English);
    }

    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    public static final Creator<Score> CREATOR = new Creator<Score>() {
        @Override
        public Score createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new Score(in);
        }

        @Override
        public Score[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Score[size];
        }
    };

    public int getMath() {
        return math;
    }

    public void setMath(int math) {
        this.math = math;
    }

    public int getEnglish() {
        return English;
    }

    public void setEnglish(int english) {
        English = english;
    }
}

至此Parcelable就构建完成，当我们想要从一个进程将数据传递到另一个进程时，便可以遵从该接口进行传递

设计界面

首界面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>

    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context=".MainActivity">

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/editTextEnglish"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ems="10"
            android:hint="English"
            android:inputType="number"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/button"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/editTextMath"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/editTextMath"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/editTextMath" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/editTextMath"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ems="10"
            android:hint="Math"
            android:inputType="number"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/editTextEnglish"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/editTextAge"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/editTextAge"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/editTextAge" />

        <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
            android:id="@+id/guideline"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="horizontal"
            app:layout_constraintGuide_begin="459dp" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/editTextName"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ems="10"
            android:hint="Name"
            android:inputType="textPersonName"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/editTextAge"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/editTextAge"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ems="10"
            android:hint="Age"
            android:inputType="number"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/editTextMath"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/editTextName"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/editTextName"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/editTextName" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Button"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/editTextEnglish"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/editTextEnglish"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/editTextEnglish" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>

为了防止使用控件时造成大量的findViewById，再次使用之前学过的dataBinding
在gradle中设置并sync同步：

android {
...
        dataBinding.enabled true
    }

并将layout转换为databinding layout格式
在这里插入图片描述
在MainActivity中使用ActivityMainBinding来进行界面的绑定即可：

ActivityMainBinding binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_main);

第二个界面
为了模拟进程中的通信，创建第二个Activity并创建第二个Layout,并同理转换dataBinding格式和在Main2Activity.java中使用DataBinding界面绑定

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>

    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context=".Main2Activity">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textViewName"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="TextView"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/textViewAge"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textViewAge"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="TextView"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/textViewMath"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/textViewName"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/textViewName"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textViewName" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textViewMath"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="TextView"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/textViewEnglish"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/textViewAge"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/textViewAge"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textViewAge" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textViewEnglish"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="TextView"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline2"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/textViewMath"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/textViewMath"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textViewMath" />

        <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
            android:id="@+id/guideline2"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="horizontal"
            app:layout_constraintGuide_begin="450dp" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>

 //setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);  //这个不用
 ActivityMain2Binding binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_main2);

设计逻辑代码

MainActivity.java中

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import com.example.parcelable.databinding.ActivityMainBinding;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        final ActivityMainBinding binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_main);
        binding.button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                String name = binding.editTextName.getText().toString();
                int age = Integer.valueOf(binding.editTextAge.getText().toString());
                int math = Integer.valueOf(binding.editTextMath.getText().toString());
                int english = Integer.parseInt(binding.editTextEnglish.getText().toString());  //Integer.valueOf()与Integer.parseInt()现在没有区别了
                Student student = new Student(name,age,new Score(math,english));

                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,Main2Activity.class);
                //intent.putExtra("student",student);  //由于student类已经使用了Parcelable接口可以直接使用，但不符和代码习惯，应该如下：
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putParcelable("student",student);  //数据打包为bundle，两个参数为：名称，
                intent.putExtra("data",bundle); //再把bundle放入intent中
                startActivity(intent); //切换Activity
            }
        });
    }
}

Main2Activity.java

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import com.example.parcelable.databinding.ActivityMain2Binding;

public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);
        ActivityMain2Binding binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_main2);
        Intent intent = getIntent(); //获取
        Bundle bundle = intent.getBundleExtra("data");
        Student student = bundle.getParcelable("student");
        binding.textViewName.setText(student.getName());
        binding.textViewAge.setText(String.valueOf(student.getAge()));
        binding.textViewMath.setText(String.valueOf(student.getScore().getMath()));
        binding.textViewEnglish.setText(String.valueOf(student.getScore().getEnglish()));
        }
}