概述
这篇文章主要是举例说明实例化Bean的不同方式,大致分为构造函数实例化、静态工厂方法实例化、实例工厂方法实例化。然后通过源码分析底层是怎么实现的。
案例
XML配置Bean
public class QueueService {
private static QueueService queueService = new QueueService();
public static QueueService getInstance(){
return queueService;
}
public void say(){
System.out.println("6号队列");
}
}
public class InstantFactory {
private static AreaService areaService = new AreaService();
public AreaService createAreaService(){
return areaService;
}
}
public class AreaService {
public void say(){
System.out.println("6号诊区");
}
}
public class CorpService {
public void say(){
System.out.println("6号院区");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
//用构造函数实例化
CorpService corpService = (CorpService)ac.getBean("corpService");
corpService.say();
//使用静态工厂方法实例化
QueueService queueService = (QueueService)ac.getBean("queueService");
queueService.say();
//使用实例工厂方法实例化
AreaService areaService = (AreaService)ac.getBean("areaService");
areaService.say();
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="corpService" class="com.test.instant.CorpService"/>
<!--静态工厂实例化Bean-->
<bean id="queueService" class="com.test.instant.QueueService" factory-method="getInstance"/>
<!--实例工厂实例化Bean-->
<bean id="instant" class="com.test.instant.InstantFactory"/>
<bean id="areaService" factory-bean="instant" factory-method="createAreaService"/>
</beans>
说明
- 使用静态工厂方法实例化:定义使用静态工厂方法创建的 bean 时,请使用class属性来指定包含static工厂方法的类,并使用名为factory-method的属性来指定工厂方法本身的名称。您应该能够调用此方法(带有可选参数,如稍后所述)并返回一个活动对象,该对象随后将被视为已通过构造函数创建。这种 bean 定义的一种用法是在旧代码中调用static工厂。
- 使用实例工厂方法实例化:使用实例工厂方法实例化从容器中调用现有 bean 的非静态方法以创建新 bean。要使用此机制,请将class属性留空,并在factory-bean属性中,在当前(或父容器或祖先容器)中指定包含要创建该对象的实例方法的 bean 的名称。使用factory-method属性设置工厂方法本身的名称
源码分析
实例化的源码主要在AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类的createBeanInstance方法中
protected BeanWrapper createBeanInstance(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args) {
// Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
Class<?> beanClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
if (beanClass != null && !Modifier.isPublic(beanClass.getModifiers()) && !mbd.isNonPublicAccessAllowed()) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Bean class isn't public, and non-public access not allowed: " + beanClass.getName());
}
Supplier<?> instanceSupplier = mbd.getInstanceSupplier();
if (instanceSupplier != null) {
return obtainFromSupplier(instanceSupplier, beanName);
}
if (mbd.getFactoryMethodName() != null) {
//静态工厂、实例工厂实例化方法
return instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(beanName, mbd, args);
}
// 4.下面这段代码都是在通过构造函数实例化这个Bean,分两种情况,一种是通过默认的无参构造,一种是通过推断出来的构造函数
boolean resolved = false;
boolean autowireNecessary = false;
if (args == null) {
synchronized (mbd.constructorArgumentLock) {
if (mbd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod != null) {
resolved = true;
autowireNecessary = mbd.constructorArgumentsResolved;
}
}
}
if (resolved) {
if (autowireNecessary) {
return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, null, null);
}
else {
return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
}
}
// Candidate constructors for autowiring?
Constructor<?>[] ctors = determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(beanClass, beanName);
if (ctors != null || mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR ||
mbd.hasConstructorArgumentValues() || !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) {
return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, args);
}
// Preferred constructors for default construction?
ctors = mbd.getPreferredConstructors();
if (ctors != null) {
return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, null);
}
//无参构造器实例化
return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
}
下面是归纳了,不同的场景下走的不同的方法,除了用xml来实例化Bean外,还有我们常用的注解的方式来实例化Bean。
instantiateUsingFactoryMethod | instantiateBean |
---|---|
静态工厂实例化 | 构造函数实例化 |
实例工厂实例化 | @Service、@component |
@Bean | @Configuration |