第三章 数据和C

• 程序清单3.1，platinum.c:

/* platinum.c -- your weight in platinum */
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    float weight; //你的体重 
    float value; // 相等重量的白金价值 
    
    printf("Are you worth your weight in platinum?\n");
    printf("Let's check it out.\n");
    printf("Please enter your weight in pounds:");
    /* 获取用户的输入 */ 
    scanf("%f", &weight);
    /* 假设白金的价值是每蛊司 $1700 */
    /* 14.5833 用于把英镑常衡蛊司转换为金衡蛊司 */ 
    value = 1700.0 * weight * 14.5833;
    printf("Your weight in platinum is worth $%.2f.\n",  value);
    printf("You are easily worth that!If platinum prices drop,\n");
    printf("eat more to maintain your value.\n");
    
    return 0;
} 

输出结果：

• 程序清单3.2，print1.c:

/* print1.c -- 演示 printf() 的一些特性 */ 
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int ten = 10;
    int two = 2;
    
    printf("Doing it right:");
    printf("%d minus %d is %d\n", ten, 2, ten - two);
    printf("Doing is wrong:");
    printf("%d minus %d is %d\n", ten); // 遗漏 2 个参数 
    
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

• 程序清单3.3，bases.c:

/* bases.c -- 以十进制、八进制、十六进制打印十进制数 100 */ 
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int x = 100;
    
    printf("dec = %d; octal = %o; hex = %x\n", x, x, x);
    printf("dec = %d; octal = %#o; hex = %#x\n", x, x, x);
    
    return 0;
} 

输出结果：

• 程序清单3.4，print2.c:

/* print2.c -- 更多 printf() 的特性 */ 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>

int main(void)
{
    unsigned int un = 3000000000; /* int 为 32 位和 short 为 16 位的系统 */ 
    short end = 200;
    long big = 65537;
    long long verybig = 12345678908642;
    
    printf("un = %u and not %d\n", un, un);
    printf("end = %hd and %d\n", end, end);
    printf("big = %ld and not %hd\n", big, big);
    printf("verybig = %lld and not %ld\n", verybig, verybig);
    printf("\007");
    Sleep(1000);
    printf("\a");
    
    return 0;
} 

输出结果：

• 程序清单3.4_2,test.c:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int i = 2147483647;
    unsigned int j = 4294967295;
    
    printf("%d %d %d\n", i, i+1, i+2);
    printf("%u %u %u\n", j, j+1, j+2);
    
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

• 程序清单3.5，charcode.c:

/* charcode.c -- 显示字符的代码编号 */ 
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    char ch;
    
    printf("Please enter a character.\n");
    scanf("%c", &ch); /* 用户输入字符 */ 
    printf("The code for %c is %d.\n", ch, ch);
    
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

• 程序清单3.6，altnames.c:

/* altnames.c -- 可移植整数类型名 */ 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <inttypes.h> // 支持可移植类型
 
int main(void)
{
    int32_t me32; // me32 是一个 32 位有符号整型变量 
    
    me32 = 45933945;
    printf("First, assume int32_t is int: ");
    printf("me32 = %d\n", me32);
    printf("Next, let's not make any assumptions.\n");
    printf("Instead, use a \"macro\" from inttypes.h: ");
    printf("me32 = %" PRId32 "\n", me32);
    
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

• 程序清单3.7，showf_pt.c:

/* showf_pt.c -- 以两种方式显示 float 类型的值 */ 
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    float aboat = 32000.0;
    double abet = 2.14e9;
    long double dip = 5.32e-5;
    
    printf("%f can be written %e\n", aboat, aboat);
    printf("And it's %a in hexadecimal, powers of 2 notation\n", aboat);
    printf("%f can be written %e\n", abet, abet);
    printf("%Lf can be written %Le\n", dip, dip);
    
    return 0;
}

输出结果(结果部分错误是由于编译器原因)：

• 程序清单3.8，typesize.c:

/* typesize.c -- 打印类型大小 */ 
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    printf("Type int has a size of %zd bytes.\n", sizeof(int));
    printf("Type char has a size of %zd bytes.\n", sizeof(char));
    printf("Type long has a size of %zd bytes.\n", sizeof(long));
    printf("Type long long has a size of %zd bytes.\n", sizeof(long long));
    printf("Type double has a size of %zd bytes.\n", sizeof(double));
    printf("Type long double has a size of %zd bytes.\n", sizeof(long double));
    
    return 0;
} 

输出结果：

• 程序清单3.9，badcount.c:

/* badcount.c -- 参数错误的情况 */ 
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int n = 4;
    int m = 5;
    float f = 7.0f;
    float g = 8.0f;
    
    printf("%d\n", n, m); /* 参数太多 */ 
    printf("%d %d %d\n", n); /* 参数太少 */ 
    printf("%d %d\n", f, g); /* 值的类型不匹配 */ 
    
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

• 程序清单3.10，escape.c:

/* escape.c -- 使用转移序列 */ 
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    float salary;
    
    printf("\aEnter your desired monthly salary:"); /* 1 */ 
    printf(" $_______\b\b\b\b\b\b\b");                /* 2 */ 
    scanf("%f", &salary);
    printf("\n\t$%.2f a month is $%.2f a year.", salary,
             salary * 12);                            /* 3 */ 
    printf("\rGee!\n");                                /* 4 */ 
    
    return 0;
}

• 编程练习

题目1，方法：测试浮点数溢出。示例代码3_1.c:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int int_max = 2147483647;
    float float_max = 3.40e38;
    float float_min = 3.40e-38;
    
    printf("%d %d\n", int_max, int_max + 1);
    printf("%f %f\n", float_max, float_max + 1);
    printf("%f %f\n", float_min, float_min - 1);
    
    return 0;
} 

输出结果：

题目2，方法：输入ASCII码并打印字符。示例代码3_2.c:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int ASCII;
    
    printf("Please input a ASCII code:__\b\b");
    scanf("%d", &ASCII);
    printf("The ASCII %d is %c\n", ASCII, ASCII);
    
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

题目3，方法：打印语句。示例代码3_3.c:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    printf("\aStarted by the sudden sound, Sally shouted,\n");
    printf("\"By the great Pumpkin, what was that!\"");
    
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

题目4，方法：以指定形式打印浮点数。示例代码3_4.c:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    float n;
    
    printf("Enter a floating-value: ");
    scanf("%f", &n);
    printf("fixed-point notation: %f\n", n);
    printf("exponential notation: %e\n", n);
    printf("p notation: %#a\n", n);
    
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

题目5，方法：计算并打印数值。示例代码3_5.c:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int age;
    float second = 3.156e7;
    
    printf("Please input your age: ");
    scanf("%d", &age);
    printf("It has been %f seconds since you come to the world.\n", age * second);
    
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

题目6，计算并输出数值。示例代码3_6.c:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int quart;
    double weight = 3.0e-23;
    
    printf("Please input the number of quart of the water: ");
    scanf("%d", &quart);
    printf("%d quarts of water include %f water molecules.", 
            quart, quart * 950 / weight);
    
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

题目7，方法：计算并输出数值。示例代码3_7.c:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int height;
    
    printf("Please intput your height with inch: ") ;
    scanf("%d", &height);
    printf("Your height is %f centimetres.", height * 2.54);
    
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

题目8，计算方法：计算并输出数值。示例代码3_8.c:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    float cups;
    
    printf("Please input the number of the cups: ");
    scanf("%f", &cups);
    printf("%.2f cups equals to %.2f pints.\n", cups, cups / 2);
    printf("%.2f cups equals to %.2f ounces.\n", cups, cups * 8);
    printf("%.2f cups equals to %.2f soup ladles.\n", cups, cups * 8 * 2);
    printf("%.2f cups equals to %.2f tea ladles.\n", cups, cups * 8 * 2 * 3);
    
    return 0 ;
}

输出结果：