shell-定时备份数据库并同步到阿里云盘

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前言

项目数据库定时备份维护
测试环境：centos 7.6
Mysql：5.7

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一、安装阿里云盘webdav

1、aliyundrive-webdav

项目直达

2、安装软件

2.1、选择版本

a.编写本文章时候使用的是v2.2.1版本，后续有最新可以使用最新版
选择和你系统符合的架构文件、我选择的是通用这个
b.提示：如果数据库是单独的服务器，建议不要把这个安装在数据库服务器上，安装在业务系统的服务器上就行

2.2、创建文件夹

mkdir /opt/aliyundrive-webdav/ && cd  /opt/aliyundrive-webdav/

2.3、下载软件

wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/messense/aliyundrive-webdav/releases/download/v2.2.1/aliyundrive-webdav-v2.2.1.x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz

2.4、解压

tar -zxvf aliyundrive-webdav-v2.2.1.x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz

2.5、启动脚本代码start.sh

#!/bin/bash

# 切换到当前脚本的路径下
#CURPATH=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"; pwd) && cd  $CURPATH

###可修改部分开始
#webdav服务端口
port=8090

# webdav管理账号：非阿里云盘账号
user=admin

# webdav管理密码：非阿里云盘密码
passwd=admin

# 阿里云盘token
# 获取方式参考 https://messense-aliyundrive-webdav-backendrefresh-token-ucs0wn.streamlit.app/
token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
###可修改部分结束

# 以下不需要修改
./aliyundrive-webdav  -p ${port}  -r ${token} -U ${user} -W ${passwd}  &>/dev/null &

3、启动

bash start.sh

文件结构以及路径

如果想要开机自启请参考文章linux开机自动执行脚本、运行程序

二、rclone同步文件

1、为什么要用rclone

rclone是一个命令行程序,用于同步文件和目录,并支持网盘同步。

2、安装rclone依赖

yum install fuse3 -y

3、安装rclone

sudo -v ; curl https://rclone.org/install.sh | sudo bash

4、 配置rclone

生成的配置文件路径/root/.config/rclone

rclone config

5、启动挂载网盘

这里不用配置网盘挂载到本地文件夹，备份脚本里面可以直接通过rclone命令上传备份文件到网盘的

1、挂载到网盘根目录

rclone mount aliyun: /opt/mount_backups/ --cache-dir /temp --allow-other --vfs-cache-mode writes --allow-non-empty &>/dev/null&

2、挂载到网盘video目录

rclone mount aliyun:/video /opt/mount_backups/ --cache-dir /temp --allow-other --vfs-cache-mode writes --allow-non-empty &>/dev/null&

解释
aliyun 配置时候填的名称
/opt/mount_backups本地文件路径
/temp 上传文件时候的临时目录

四、数据库备份脚本

1、备份脚本代码

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright (C) 2013 - 2022 Teddysun <i@teddysun.com>
# 
# This file is part of the LAMP script.
#
# LAMP is a powerful bash script for the installation of 
# Apache + PHP + MySQL/MariaDB and so on.
# You can install Apache + PHP + MySQL/MariaDB in an very easy way.
# Just need to input numbers to choose what you want to install before installation.
# And all things will be done in a few minutes.
#
# Description:      Auto backup shell script
# Description URL:  https://teddysun.com/469.html
#
# Website:  https://lamp.sh
# Github:   https://github.com/teddysun/lamp
#
# You must to modify the config before run it!!!
# Backup MySQL/MariaDB datebases, files and directories
# Backup file is encrypted with AES256-cbc with SHA1 message-digest (option)
# Auto transfer backup file to  Drive (need install rclone command) (option)
# Auto transfer backup file to FTP server (option)
# Auto delete  Drive's or FTP server's remote file (option)

[[ $EUID -ne 0 ]] && echo "Error: This script must be run as root!" && exit 1

########## START OF CONFIG ##########

# Rclone remote name
# 配置Rclone时填的name 这里是aliyun
RCLONE_NAME="aliyun"

# Rclone remote folder name (default "")
# 这里是网盘的目录，空则代表根目录
# 备份的文件会上传到网盘配置的路径
RCLONE_FOLDER=""
# RCLONE_FOLDER="/video"

# OPTIONAL:
# If you want to backup the MySQL database, enter the MySQL root password below, otherwise leave it blank
# root数据库密码
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=""

# Below is a list of MySQL database name that will be backed up
# If you want backup ALL databases, leave it blank.
# 需要备份的数据库名称
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[0]="test1"
# MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[1]="test2"
# MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[2]=""

# 以下不懂请勿修改
# 以下不懂请勿修改
# 以下不懂请勿修改
# Encrypt flag (true: encrypt, false: not encrypt)
ENCRYPTFLG=false

# WARNING: KEEP THE PASSWORD SAFE!!!
# The password used to encrypt the backup
# To decrypt backups made by this script, run the following command:
# openssl enc -aes256 -in [encrypted backup] -out decrypted_backup.tgz -pass pass:[backup password] -d -md sha1
BACKUPPASS="mypassword"

# Directory to store backups
LOCALDIR="/opt/backups/"

# Temporary directory used during backup creation
TEMPDIR="/opt/backups/temp/"

# File to log the outcome of backups
LOGFILE="/opt/backups/backup.log"

# Below is a list of files and directories that will be backed up in the tar backup
# For example:
# File: /data/www/default/test.tgz
# Directory: /data/www/default/test
BACKUP[0]=""

# Number of days to store daily local backups (default 7 days)
LOCALAGEDAILIES="7"

# Delete remote file from Googole Drive or FTP server flag (true: delete, false: not delete)
DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG=false

# Upload local file to FTP server flag (true: upload, false: not upload)
FTP_FLG=false

# Upload local file to  Drive flag (true: upload, false: not upload)
RCLONE_FLG=true

# FTP server
# OPTIONAL: If you want to upload to FTP server, enter the Hostname or IP address below
FTP_HOST=""

# FTP username
# OPTIONAL: If you want to upload to FTP server, enter the FTP username below
FTP_USER=""

# FTP password
# OPTIONAL: If you want to upload to FTP server, enter the username's password below
FTP_PASS=""

# FTP server remote folder
# OPTIONAL: If you want to upload to FTP server, enter the FTP remote folder below
# For example: public_html
FTP_DIR=""

########## END OF CONFIG ##########

# Date & Time
DAY=$(date +%d)
MONTH=$(date +%m)
YEAR=$(date +%C%y)
BACKUPDATE=$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
# Backup file name
TARFILE="${LOCALDIR}""$(hostname)"_"${BACKUPDATE}".tgz
# Encrypted backup file name
ENC_TARFILE="${TARFILE}.enc"
# Backup MySQL dump file name
SQLFILE="${TEMPDIR}mysql_${BACKUPDATE}.sql"

log() {
    echo "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1"
    echo -e "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1" >> ${LOGFILE}
}

# Check for list of mandatory binaries
check_commands() {
    # This section checks for all of the binaries used in the backup
    # Do not check mysql command if you do not want to backup the MySQL database
    if [ -z "${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" ]; then
        BINARIES=( cat cd du date dirname echo openssl pwd rm tar )
    else
        BINARIES=( cat cd du date dirname echo openssl mysql mysqldump pwd rm tar )
    fi

    # Iterate over the list of binaries, and if one isn't found, abort
    for BINARY in "${BINARIES[@]}"; do
        if [ ! "$(command -v "$BINARY")" ]; then
            log "$BINARY is not installed. Install it and try again"
            exit 1
        fi
    done

    # check rclone command
    RCLONE_COMMAND=false
    if [ "$(command -v "rclone")" ]; then
        RCLONE_COMMAND=true
    fi

    # check ftp command
    if ${FTP_FLG}; then
        if [ ! "$(command -v "ftp")" ]; then
            log "ftp is not installed. Install it and try again"
            exit 1
        fi
    fi
}

calculate_size() {
    local file_name=$1
    local file_size=$(du -h $file_name 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $1}')
    if [ "x${file_size}" = "x" ]; then
        echo "unknown"
    else
        echo "${file_size}"
    fi
}

# Backup MySQL databases
mysql_backup() {
    if [ -z "${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" ]; then
        log "MySQL root password not set, MySQL backup skipped"
    else
        log "MySQL dump start"
        mysql -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" 2>/dev/null <<EOF
exit
EOF
        if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
            log "MySQL root password is incorrect. Please check it and try again"
            exit 1
        fi
        if [[ "${MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[@]}" == "" ]]; then
            mysqldump -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" --all-databases > "${SQLFILE}" 2>/dev/null
            if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
                log "MySQL all databases backup failed"
                exit 1
            fi
            log "MySQL all databases dump file name: ${SQLFILE}"
            #Add MySQL backup dump file to BACKUP list
            BACKUP=(${BACKUP[@]} ${SQLFILE})
        else
            for db in ${MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[@]}; do
                unset DBFILE
                DBFILE="${TEMPDIR}${db}_${BACKUPDATE}.sql"
                mysqldump -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" ${db} > "${DBFILE}" 2>/dev/null
                if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
                    log "MySQL database name [${db}] backup failed, please check database name is correct and try again"
                    exit 1
                fi
                log "MySQL database name [${db}] dump file name: ${DBFILE}"
                #Add MySQL backup dump file to BACKUP list
                BACKUP=(${BACKUP[@]} ${DBFILE})
            done
        fi
        log "MySQL dump completed"
    fi
}

start_backup() {
    [ "${#BACKUP[@]}" -eq 0 ] && echo "Error: You must to modify the [$(basename $0)] config before run it!" && exit 1

    log "Tar backup file start"
    tar -zcPf ${TARFILE} ${BACKUP[@]}
    if [ $? -gt 1 ]; then
        log "Tar backup file failed"
        exit 1
    fi
    log "Tar backup file completed"

    # Encrypt tar file
    if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then
        log "Encrypt backup file start"
        openssl enc -aes256 -in "${TARFILE}" -out "${ENC_TARFILE}" -pass pass:"${BACKUPPASS}" -md sha1
        log "Encrypt backup file completed"

        # Delete unencrypted tar
        log "Delete unencrypted tar file: ${TARFILE}"
        rm -f ${TARFILE}
    fi

    # Delete MySQL temporary dump file
    for sql in $(ls ${TEMPDIR}*.sql 2> /dev/null); do
        log "Delete MySQL temporary dump file: ${sql}"
        rm -f ${sql}
    done

    if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then
        OUT_FILE="${ENC_TARFILE}"
    else
        OUT_FILE="${TARFILE}"
    fi
    log "File name: ${OUT_FILE}, File size: $(calculate_size ${OUT_FILE})"
}

# Transfer backup file to  Drive
# If you want to install rclone command, please visit website:
# https://rclone.org/downloads/
rclone_upload() {
    if ${RCLONE_FLG} && ${RCLONE_COMMAND}; then
        [ -z "${RCLONE_NAME}" ] && log "Error: RCLONE_NAME can not be empty!" && return 1
        if [ -n "${RCLONE_FOLDER}" ]; then
            rclone ls ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER} 2>&1 > /dev/null
            if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
                log "Create the path ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER}"
                rclone mkdir ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER}
            fi
        fi
        log "Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to  Drive"
        rclone copy ${OUT_FILE} ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER} >> ${LOGFILE}
        if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
            log "Error: Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to  Drive failed"
            return 1
        fi
        log "Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to  Drive completed"
    fi
}

# Tranferring backup file to FTP server
ftp_upload() {
    if ${FTP_FLG}; then
        [ -z "${FTP_HOST}" ] && log "Error: FTP_HOST can not be empty!" && return 1
        [ -z "${FTP_USER}" ] && log "Error: FTP_USER can not be empty!" && return 1
        [ -z "${FTP_PASS}" ] && log "Error: FTP_PASS can not be empty!" && return 1
        [ -z "${FTP_DIR}" ] && log "Error: FTP_DIR can not be empty!" && return 1
        local FTP_OUT_FILE=$(basename ${OUT_FILE})
        log "Tranferring backup file: ${FTP_OUT_FILE} to FTP server"
        ftp -in ${FTP_HOST} 2>&1 >> ${LOGFILE} <<EOF
user $FTP_USER $FTP_PASS
binary
lcd $LOCALDIR
cd $FTP_DIR
put $FTP_OUT_FILE
quit
EOF
        if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
            log "Error: Tranferring backup file: ${FTP_OUT_FILE} to FTP server failed"
            return 1
        fi
        log "Tranferring backup file: ${FTP_OUT_FILE} to FTP server completed"
    fi
}

# Get file date
get_file_date() {
    #Approximate a 30-day month and 365-day year
    DAYS=$(( $((10#${YEAR}*365)) + $((10#${MONTH}*30)) + $((10#${DAY})) ))
    unset FILEYEAR FILEMONTH FILEDAY FILEDAYS FILEAGE
    FILEYEAR=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c 1-4)
    FILEMONTH=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c 5-6)
    FILEDAY=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c 7-8)
    if [[ "${FILEYEAR}" && "${FILEMONTH}" && "${FILEDAY}" ]]; then
        #Approximate a 30-day month and 365-day year
        FILEDAYS=$(( $((10#${FILEYEAR}*365)) + $((10#${FILEMONTH}*30)) + $((10#${FILEDAY})) ))
        FILEAGE=$(( 10#${DAYS} - 10#${FILEDAYS} ))
        return 0
    fi
    return 1
}

# Delete  Drive's old backup file
delete_gdrive_file() {
    local FILENAME=$1
    if ${DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG} && ${RCLONE_COMMAND}; then
        rclone ls ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER}/${FILENAME} 2>&1 > /dev/null
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
            rclone delete ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER}/${FILENAME} >> ${LOGFILE}
            if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
                log " Drive's old backup file: ${FILENAME} has been deleted"
            else
                log "Failed to delete  Drive's old backup file: ${FILENAME}"
            fi
        else
            log " Drive's old backup file: ${FILENAME} is not exist"
        fi
    fi
}

# Delete FTP server's old backup file
delete_ftp_file() {
    local FILENAME=$1
    if ${DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG} && ${FTP_FLG}; then
        ftp -in ${FTP_HOST} 2>&1 >> ${LOGFILE} <<EOF
user $FTP_USER $FTP_PASS
cd $FTP_DIR
del $FILENAME
quit
EOF
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
            log "FTP server's old backup file: ${FILENAME} has been deleted"
        else
            log "Failed to delete FTP server's old backup file: ${FILENAME}"
        fi
    fi
}

# Clean up old file
clean_up_files() {
    cd ${LOCALDIR} || exit
    if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then
        LS=($(ls *.enc 2> /dev/null))
    else
        LS=($(ls *.tgz 2> /dev/null))
    fi
    for f in ${LS[@]}; do
        get_file_date ${f}
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
            if [[ ${FILEAGE} -gt ${LOCALAGEDAILIES} ]]; then
                rm -f ${f}
                log "Old backup file name: ${f} has been deleted"
                delete_gdrive_file ${f}
                delete_ftp_file ${f}
            fi
        fi
    done
}

# Main progress
STARTTIME=$(date +%s)

# Check if the backup folders exist and are writeable
[ ! -d "${LOCALDIR}" ] && mkdir -p ${LOCALDIR}
[ ! -d "${TEMPDIR}" ] && mkdir -p ${TEMPDIR}

log "Backup progress start"
check_commands
mysql_backup
start_backup
log "Backup progress complete"

log "Upload progress start"
rclone_upload
ftp_upload
log "Upload progress complete"

log "Cleaning up"
clean_up_files
ENDTIME=$(date +%s)
DURATION=$((ENDTIME - STARTTIME))
log "All done"
log "Backup and transfer completed in ${DURATION} seconds"

2、添加定时任务-每天凌晨1:30开始备份

如何添加？
1 ) 输入crontab -e
2）输入 i 字符，变成插入状态
3）输入的定时任务代码

30  1  *  *  *  bash /root/backup.sh

4）点击键盘Esc键，退出插入状态。
5)输入:wq保存并且退出
6)输入crontab -l查看是否添加成功

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总结

三步操作
1、安装webdav
2、挂载网盘目录带本地
3、定时备份数据库

参考文章
1、宝塔面板自动挂载webdav 无需输入密码充当网站附件盘
2、定时备份数据脚本
3、linux开机自动执行脚本、运行程序