一. 知识储备
1.1 需求
Controller组件中往往需要用到Service组件的实例,Service组件中往往需要用到Repository组件的实例。Spring可以通过注解的方式帮我们实现属性的装配。即实现下面功能
//在Controller组件中实现
private Service service = new UserServiceImpl();
//在Service组件中实现
private UserDao dao = new UserDaoJdbcImpl();
1.2 实现依据
在扫描指定的包时,<context:component-scan>
元素会自动注册一个bean的后置处理器:AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的实例。该后置处理器可以自动装配标志了@Autowired、@Resource、@Inject的注解的属性。
1.3 关于@Autowired注解
- 根据类型自动装配
- 构造器、普通字段(即使是非public)、有参数的方法都可以用@Autowired注解
- 默认情况下,所有使用@Autowired的属性都要被设置。当spring找不到匹配的bean装配时会发生异常
二. 例子
使用注解进行Controller-Service-Dao组件之间的调用。
spring-annotation.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.annotation" >
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
UserController.java
package com.atguigu.annotation.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import com.atguigu.annotation.service.UserService;
/**
*@Controller注解的功能就相当于在xml中进行如下的配置:
*<bean id="userController" class="com.atguigu.annotation.controller.UserController"></bean>
* 默认的情况下,通过注解的方式将当前的类管理到Spring IOC容器中,使用的id值就是类名首字母小写
* 也可以具体指定id值,通过注解中的value属性指定
* @Controller(value="id值")或者@Controller("id值")
*
* @author user
*
*/
@Controller
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
public void regist(){
userService.doRegist();
}
}
UserService.java
package com.atguigu.annotation.service;
public interface UserService {
void doRegist();
}
UserServiceImpl.java
package com.atguigu.annotation.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.atguigu.annotation.dao.UserDao;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void doRegist() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
userDao.insertUser();
}
}
UserDao.java
package com.atguigu.annotation.dao;
public interface UserDao {
void insertUser();
}
UserDaoJdbcImpl.java
package com.atguigu.annotation.dao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class UserDaoJdbcImpl implements UserDao{
@Override
public void insertUser() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("JDBC insert User...");
}
}
Main.java
package com.atguigu.annotation.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.atguigu.annotation.controller.UserController;
import com.atguigu.annotation.dao.UserDao;
import com.atguigu.annotation.service.UserService;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-annotation.xml");
//UserController
UserController uc = context.getBean("userController", UserController.class);
System.out.println("userController:" + uc);
//UserService
UserService us = context.getBean("userServiceImpl", UserService.class);
System.out.println("userService:" + us);
//UserDao
UserDao ud = context.getBean("userDaoJdbcImpl", UserDao.class);
System.out.println("userDaoJdbcImpl:" + ud);
uc.regist();
}
}
注意: 如果报错了,99%都是组件还没有装配好,需要检查service对象、dao对象是否已经使用@Autowired