java8之stream流之Collector和Collectors

Collector

Collector是专门用来作为Stream的collect方法的参数的。

public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
    <R, A> R collect(Collector<? super T, A, R> collector);
}

 而Collectors是作为生产具体Collector的工具类。

Collector主要包含五个参数,它的行为也是由这五个参数来定义的,如下所示:

public interface Collector<T, A, R> {
    // supplier参数用于生成结果容器,容器类型为A
    Supplier<A> supplier();
    // accumulator用于消费元素,也就是归纳元素,这里的T就是元素,它会将流中的元素一个一个与结果容器A发生操作
    BiConsumer<A, T> accumulator();
    // combiner用于两个两个合并并行执行的线程的执行结果,将其合并为一个最终结果A
    BinaryOperator<A> combiner();
    // finisher用于将之前整合完的结果R转换成为A
    Function<A, R> finisher();
    // characteristics表示当前Collector的特征值,这是个不可变Set
    Set<Characteristics> characteristics();
}

Collector拥有两个of方法用于生成Collector实例,其中一个拥有上面所有五个参数,另一个四个参数,不包括finisher。

public interface Collector<T, A, R> {
    // 四参方法,用于生成一个Collector,T代表流中的一个一个元素,R代表最终的结果
    public static<T, R> Collector<T, R, R> of(Supplier<R> supplier,
                                              BiConsumer<R, T> accumulator,
                                              BinaryOperator<R> combiner,
                                              Characteristics... characteristics) {/*...*/}
    // 五参方法,用于生成一个Collector,T代表流中的一个一个元素,A代表中间结果,R代表最终结果,finisher用于将A转换为R                                          
    public static<T, A, R> Collector<T, A, R> of(Supplier<A> supplier,
                                                 BiConsumer<A, T> accumulator,
                                                 BinaryOperator<A> combiner,
                                                 Function<A, R> finisher,
                                                 Characteristics... characteristics) {/*...*/}                                              
}

Characteristics:这个特征值是一个枚举,拥有三个值:CONCURRENT(多线程并行),UNORDERED(无序),IDENTITY_FINISH(无需转换结果)。其中四参of方法中没有finisher参数,所以必有IDENTITY_FINISH特征值。

 

collect常见参数

toCollection:将流中的元素全部放置到一个集合中返回,这里使用Collection,泛指多种集合

public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void toCollectionTest(List<String> list) {
        List<String> ll = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedList::new));
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        toCollectionTest(list);
    }
}

toList:将流中的元素放置到一个列表集合中去。这个列表默认为ArrayList

public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void toListTest(List<String> list) {
        List<String> ll = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toList());
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        toListTest(list);
    }
}

toSet:将流中的元素放置到一个无序集set中去。默认为HashSet。

public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void toSetTest(List<String> list) {
        Set<String> ss = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toSet());
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        toSetTest(list);
    }
}

joining:joining的目的是将流中的元素全部以字符序列的方式连接到一起,可以指定连接符,甚至是结果的前后缀。

public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void joiningTest(List<String> list){
        // 无参方法
        String s = list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining());
        System.out.println(s);
        // 指定连接符
        String ss = list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining("-"));
        System.out.println(ss);
        // 指定连接符和前后缀
        String sss = list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining("-","S","E"));
        System.out.println(sss);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        joiningTest(list);
    }
}

 执行结果:

1234567891101212121121asdaa3e3e3e2321eew
123-456-789-1101-212121121-asdaa-3e3e3e-2321eew
S123-456-789-1101-212121121-asdaa-3e3e3e-2321eewE

mapping:这个映射是首先对流中的每个元素进行映射,即类型转换,然后再将新元素以给定的Collector进行归纳。

public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void mapingTest(List<String> list){
        List<Integer> ll = list.stream().limit(5).collect(Collectors.mapping(Integer::valueOf,Collectors.toList()));
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        mapingTest(list);//[123, 456, 789, 1101, 212121121]
    }
}

collectingAndThen:该方法是在归纳动作结束之后,对归纳的结果进行再处理。

public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void collectingAndThenTest(List<String> list){
        int length = list.stream().collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(),e -> e.size()));
        System.out.println(length);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        collectingAndThenTest(list);//8
    }
}

counting:该方法用于计数。

public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void countingTest(List<String> list){
        long size = list.stream().collect(Collectors.counting());
        System.out.println(size);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        countingTest(list);//8
    }
}

minBy/maxBy:生成一个用于获取最小/最大值的Optional结果的Collector。

public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void maxByAndMinByTest(List<String> list){
        System.out.println(list.stream().collect(Collectors.maxBy((a,b) -> a.length()-b.length())));
        System.out.println(list.stream().collect(Collectors.minBy((a,b) -> a.length()-b.length())));
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        //Optional[212121121]
        //Optional[123]
        maxByAndMinByTest(list);
    }
}

summingInt/summingLong/summingDouble:生成一个用于求元素和的Collector,首先通过给定的mapper将元素转换类型,然后再求和。参数的作用就是将元素转换为指定的类型,最后结果与转换后类型一致。

public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void summingTest(List<String> list){
        int i = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.summingInt(Integer::valueOf));
        long l = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.summingLong(Long::valueOf));
        double d = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.summingDouble(Double::valueOf));
        System.out.println(i +"\n" +l + "\n" + d);//1368 1368 1368.0
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        summingTest(list);
    }
}

averagingInt/averagingLong/averagingDouble:生成一个用于求元素平均值的Collector,首选通过参数将元素转换为指定的类型。参数的作用就是将元素转换为指定的类型,求平均值涉及到除法操作,结果一律为Double类型。

public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void averagingTest(List<String> list){
        double i = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.averagingInt(Integer::valueOf));
        double l = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.averagingLong(Long::valueOf));
        double d = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.averagingDouble(Double::valueOf));
        System.out.println(i +"\n" +l + "\n" + d);//456.0 456.0 456.0
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        averagingTest(list);
    }
}

reducing:reducing方法有三个重载方法,其实是和Stream里的三个reduce方法对应的,二者是可以替换使用的,作用完全一致,也是对流中的元素做统计归纳作用。

public final class Collectors {
    // 无初始值的情况,返回一个可以生成Optional结果的Collector
    public static <T> Collector<T, ?, Optional<T>> reducing(BinaryOperator<T> op) {/*...*/}
    // 有初始值的情况,返回一个可以直接产生结果的Collector
    public static <T> Collector<T, ?, T> reducing(T identity, BinaryOperator<T> op) {/*...*/}
    // 有初始值,还有针对元素的处理方案mapper,生成一个可以直接产生结果的Collector,元素在执行结果操作op之前需要先执行mapper进行元素转换操作
    public static <T, U> Collector<T, ?, U> reducing(U identity,
                                    Function<? super T, ? extends U> mapper,
                                    BinaryOperator<U> op) {/*...*/}
}
public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void reducingTest(List<String> list){
        System.out.println(list.stream().limit(4).map(String::length).collect(Collectors.reducing(Integer::sum)));//Optional[13]
        System.out.println(list.stream().limit(3).map(String::length).collect(Collectors.reducing(0, Integer::sum)));//9
        System.out.println(list.stream().limit(4).collect(Collectors.reducing(0,String::length,Integer::sum)));//13
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        reducingTest(list);
    }
}

groupingBy:这个方法是用于生成一个拥有分组功能的Collector,它也有三个重载方法:

public final class Collectors {
    // 只需一个分组参数classifier,内部自动将结果保存到一个map中,每个map的键为?类型(即classifier的结果类型),值为一个list,这个list中保存在属于这个组的元素。
    public static <T, K> Collector<T, ?, Map<K, List<T>>> groupingBy(
            Function<? super T, ? extends K> classifier) {/*...*/}
    // 在上面方法的基础上增加了对流中元素的处理方式的Collector,比如上面的默认的处理方法就是Collectors.toList()
    public static <T, K, A, D>Collector<T, ?, Map<K, D>> groupingBy(
            Function<? super T, ? extends K> classifier,Collector<? super T, A, D> downstream) {/*...*/}
    // 在第二个方法的基础上再添加了结果Map的生成方法。
    public static <T, K, D, A, M extends Map<K, D>>
        Collector<T, ?, M> groupingBy(Function<? super T, ? extends K> classifier,
                                      Supplier<M> mapFactory,
                                      Collector<? super T, A, D> downstream) {/*...*/}
}
public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void groupingByTest(List<String> list){
        Map<Integer,List<String>> s = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(String::length));
        Map<Integer,List<String>> ss = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(String::length, Collectors.toList()));
        Map<Integer,Set<String>> sss = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(String::length,HashMap::new,Collectors.toSet()));
        //{3=[123, 456, 789], 4=[1101], 5=[asdaa], 6=[3e3e3e], 7=[2321eew], 9=[212121121]}
        //{3=[123, 456, 789], 4=[1101], 5=[asdaa], 6=[3e3e3e], 7=[2321eew], 9=[212121121]}
        //{3=[123, 456, 789], 4=[1101], 5=[asdaa], 6=[3e3e3e], 7=[2321eew], 9=[212121121]}
        System.out.println(s.toString() + "\n" + ss.toString() + "\n" + sss.toString());
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        groupingByTest(list);
    }
}

partitioningBy:该方法将流中的元素按照给定的校验规则的结果分为两个部分,放到一个map中返回,map的键是Boolean类型,值为元素的列表List。

该方法有两个重载方法:

public final class Collectors {
    // 只需一个校验参数predicate
    public static <T>
        Collector<T, ?, Map<Boolean, List<T>>> partitioningBy(Predicate<? super T> predicate) {/*...*/}
    // 在上面方法的基础上增加了对流中元素的处理方式的Collector,比如上面的默认的处理方法就是Collectors.toList()
    public static <T, D, A>
        Collector<T, ?, Map<Boolean, D>> partitioningBy(Predicate<? super T> predicate,
                                                        Collector<? super T, A, D> downstream) {/*...*/}
}
public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void partitioningByTest(List<String> list){
        Map<Boolean,List<String>> map = list.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(e -> e.length()>5));
        Map<Boolean,Set<String>> map2 = list.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(e -> e.length()>6,Collectors.toSet()));
        //{false=[123, 456, 789, 1101, asdaa], true=[212121121, 3e3e3e, 2321eew]}
        //{false=[123, 456, 1101, 789, 3e3e3e, asdaa], true=[212121121, 2321eew]}
        System.out.println(map.toString() + "\n" + map2.toString());
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        partitioningByTest(list);
    }
}

toMap:toMap方法是根据给定的键生成器和值生成器生成的键和值保存到一个map中返回,键和值的生成都依赖于元素,可以指定出现重复键时的处理方案和保存结果的map。

public final class Collectors {
    // 指定键和值的生成方式keyMapper和valueMapper
    public static <T, K, U>
        Collector<T, ?, Map<K,U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                                        Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {/*...*/}
    // 在上面方法的基础上增加了对键发生重复时处理方式的mergeFunction,比如上面的默认的处理方法就是抛出异常
    public static <T, K, U>
        Collector<T, ?, Map<K,U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                                        Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper,
                                        BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction) {/*...*/}
    // 在第二个方法的基础上再添加了结果Map的生成方法。
    public static <T, K, U, M extends Map<K, U>>
        Collector<T, ?, M> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                                    Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper,
                                    BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction,
                                    Supplier<M> mapSupplier) {/*...*/}
}
public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void toMapTest(List<String> list){
        Map<String,String> map = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.toMap(e -> e.substring(0,1),e -> e));
        Map<String,String> map1 = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(e -> e.substring(0,1),e->e,(a,b)-> b));
        Map<String,String> map2 = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(e -> e.substring(0,1),e->e,(a,b)-> b,HashMap::new));
        //{1=123, 4=456, 7=789}
        //{a=asdaa, 1=1101, 2=2321eew, 3=3e3e3e, 4=456, 7=789}
        //{a=asdaa, 1=1101, 2=2321eew, 3=3e3e3e, 4=456, 7=789}
        System.out.println(map.toString() + "\n" + map1.toString() + "\n" + map2.toString());
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        toMapTest(list);
    }
}

第一种方式中,如果不添加limit限制,就会抛出异常。

还有并发的版本:toConcurrentMap,同样三种重载方法,与toMap基本一致,只是它最后使用的map是并发Map:ConcurrentHashMap。

 

summarizingInt/summarizingLong/summarizingDouble:这三个方法适用于汇总的,返回值分别是IntSummaryStatistics,LongSummaryStatistics,DoubleSummaryStatistics。在这些返回值中包含有流中元素的指定结果的数量、和、最大值、最小值、平均值。所有仅仅针对数值结果。

public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void summarizingTest(List<String> list){
        IntSummaryStatistics intSummary = list.stream().collect(Collectors.summarizingInt(String::length));
        LongSummaryStatistics longSummary = list.stream().limit(4).collect(Collectors.summarizingLong(Long::valueOf));
        DoubleSummaryStatistics doubleSummary = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.summarizingDouble(Double::valueOf));
        //IntSummaryStatistics{count=8, sum=40, min=3, average=5.000000, max=9}
        //LongSummaryStatistics{count=4, sum=2469, min=123, average=617.250000, max=1101}
        //DoubleSummaryStatistics{count=3, sum=1368.000000, min=123.000000, average=456.000000, max=789.000000}
        System.out.println(intSummary.toString() + "\n" + longSummary.toString() + "\n" + doubleSummary.toString());
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
        summarizingTest(list);
    }
}

整个Collectors工具类就是在为Collector服务,用于创建各种不同的Collector。部分功能与Stream中的方法重合了,为了简化代码,完全不必采用Collectors实现,优先Stream方法。


 

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