The Sultan's Successors （八皇后）

 The Sultan's Successors（八皇后问题）

The Sultan of Nubia has no children, so she has decided that the country will be split into up to k separate parts on her death and each part will be inherited by whoever performs best at some test. It is possible for any individual to inherit more than one or indeed all of the portions. To ensure that only highly intelligent people eventually become her successors, the Sultan has devised an ingenious test. In a large hall filled with the splash of fountains and the delicate scent of incense have been placed k chessboards. Each chessboard has numbers in the range 1 to 99 written on each square and is supplied with 8 jewelled chess queens. The task facing each potential successor is to place the 8 queens on the chess board in such a way that no queen threatens another one, and so that the numbers on the squares thus selected sum to a number at least as high as one already chosen by the Sultan. (For those unfamiliar with the rules of chess, this implies that each row and column of the board contains exactly one queen, and each diagonal contains no more than one.)

Write a program that will read in the number and details of the chessboards and determine the highest scores possible for each board under these conditions. (You know that the Sultan is both a good chess player and a good mathematician and you suspect that her score is the best attainable.)

Input

Input will consist of k (the number of boards), on a line by itself, followed by k sets of 64 numbers, each set consisting of eight lines of eight numbers. Each number will be a positive integer less than 100. There will never be more than 20 boards.

Output

Output will consist of k numbers consisting of your k scores, each score on a line by itself and right justified in a field 5 characters wide.

Sample input

1
 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
48 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Sample output

  260

注意：这个题主要要考虑到列，对角线的问题，对角线分为主对角线和斜对角线，left为主对角线，right为斜对角线, 分别求法不同但是要注意区分，找规律可得到，设一个坐标为（r , c）,那么下一个斜对角线（left）为（r + d,c  - d）可得到 r + c = r1 + c1.。同理右对角线也满足（r , c） (r + d , c + d)满足c' - r' = c - r + 7( + 7 是为了保证c - r为正整数)

AC代码

#include <cstdio>
int chess[8][8],max;
bool col[8],left[15],right[15];
void dfs(int row,int sum)
{
    if(row == 8)
    {
        max = max < sum ? sum:max;
        return;
    }
    for(int i = 0;i < 8;i++)
    {
        if(!col[i] && !left[i - row + 7] && !right[i + row])
        {
            col[i] = left[i - row + 7] = right[i + row ] = true;//列进行标记
            dfs(row + 1,sum + chess[row][i]);
            col[i] = left[i - row + 7] = right[i + row ] = false;//退回之后要取消标记
        }
    }
}
int main()
{
    int k;
    scanf("%d",&k);
    while(k--)
    {
        for(int i = 0;i < 8;i++)
            for(int j = 0;j < 8;j++)
                scanf("%d",&chess[i][j]);
        max = -1;
        dfs(0,0);
        printf("%5d\n",max);//注意题中的格式

    }
    return 0;
}