Spring Security安全框架

Spring Security:

Spring Security是一个能够为基于spring的企业级应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架，它提供了一组可以在spring应用上下文中配置bean，充分利用了spring ioc，DI和AOP功能，为应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制功能，减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复的代码。

Maven项目引入

1.使用spring security这个框架首先需要引入spring的核心组件spring-core，spring-web，spring-webmvc等，maven中pom.xml配置如下所示

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>cn.itcast.demo</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-security-demo</artifactId>
	<packaging>war</packaging>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<properties>
		<spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.0.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.0.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>2.5</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
	  <plugins>		
	      <!-- java编译插件 -->
		  <plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>3.2</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.7</source>
					<target>1.7</target>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
		  </plugin>      
	      <plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
				<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<!-- 指定端口 -->
					<port>9090</port>
					<!-- 请求路径 -->
					<path>/</path>
				</configuration>
	  	  </plugin>
	   </plugins>  
    </build>
</project>

2web.xml中的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
	version="2.5">		
  	 <context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:spring-security.xml</param-value>//spring security的配置文件
	 </context-param>
	 <listener>
		<listener-class>
			org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
		</listener-class>
	 </listener>	
	 <filter>  //spring security的入口
		<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> //不能改变 		
		 <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> //不是spring security的，代理类，拦截/*的请求后自动找一个springSecurityFilterChain的类
	 </filter>  
	 <filter-mapping>  
		<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>  
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
	 </filter-mapping>	
</web-app>

3创建spring security的配置文件spring-security.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
	xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
						http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd">

	<!-- 页面拦截规则  use-expressions是否启用spel表达式-->
	<http use-expressions="false">
		<!--当前用户必须有ROLE_USER的角色才可以访问根目录及所属的子目录的资源-->
		<intercept-url pattern="/**" access="ROLE_USER" />*/**包括所有资源，access角色名称必须以ROLE_开头*
		<!--开启表单功能-->
		<form-login/>	
	</http>

	<!-- 认证管理器 -->
	<authentication-manager>
		<authentication-provider>
			<user-service>
				<user name="admin" password="123456" authorities="ROLE_USER"/>
			</user-service>		
		</authentication-provider>	
	</authentication-manager>
</beans:beans>

和普通的spring配置文件不同的是在这个配置文件中，使用的是beans：beans，beans作为前缀，这里要使用普通的<beans></beans>则需要改写成<beans:beans></beans:beans>,这是因为spring security开头的比较多

4用户自定义登陆页面和跳转页面，

	<!-- 以下页面不被拦截 -->
	<http pattern="/login.html" security="none"></http>
	<http pattern="/login_error.html" security="none"></http>
	<!-- 页面拦截规则 -->
	<http use-expressions="false">
		<intercept-url pattern="/*" access="ROLE_USER" />
		<form-login login-page="/login.html" default-target-url="/index.html" authentication-failure-url="/login_error.html"/>	
		<csrf disabled="true"/>
	</http>

login-page：指定登录页面。
authentication-failure-url：指定了身份验证失败时跳转到的页面。
default-target-url：指定了成功进行身份验证和授权后默认呈现给用户的页面。
csrf disabled=“true” 关闭csrf ,如果不加会出现错误