【密码学算法C语言实现系列】Base64编码

BASE64算法在加密实现中是少不了的，它可以把所有的二进制数据编码成可展示的格式，这里给出它的纯C语言实现

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

const char base64chars[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";

char* base64_encode(const unsigned char* data, size_t input_length) {
    size_t output_length = 4 * ((input_length + 2) / 3);
    char* encoded_data = (char*)malloc(output_length + 1);
    if (encoded_data == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    size_t i, j;
    for (i = 0, j = 0; i < input_length;) {
        uint32_t octet_a = i < input_length ? data[i++] : 0;
        uint32_t octet_b = i < input_length ? data[i++] : 0;
        uint32_t octet_c = i < input_length ? data[i++] : 0;

        uint32_t three_octets = (octet_a << 0x10) + (octet_b << 0x08) + octet_c;

        encoded_data[j++] = base64chars[(three_octets >> 3 * 6) & 0x3F];
        encoded_data[j++] = base64chars[(three_octets >> 2 * 6) & 0x3F];
        encoded_data[j++] = base64chars[(three_octets >> 1 * 6) & 0x3F];
        encoded_data[j++] = base64chars[(three_octets >> 0 * 6) & 0x3F];
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < (3 - input_length % 3) % 3; i++) {
        encoded_data[output_length - 1 - i] = '=';
    }

    encoded_data[output_length] = '\0';

    return encoded_data;
}

int main() {
    const unsigned char data[] = "Hello, World!";
    size_t input_length = strlen((const char*)data);
    char* encoded_data = base64_encode(data, input_length);
    printf("%s\n", encoded_data);
    free(encoded_data);

    return 0;
}