面向对象 公司面试题

题目一

分析：

打车时，可以打专车和快车，热河车都有车牌号和名称 从这句话可以得出需要定义一个Car类 属性有车牌号和名称，快车和专车继承这个类

不同的车价格不同，快车每公里一元，专车每公里2元 说明每个子类都有自己的price属性 而且是不同的

行程开始显示车辆信息，行程结束，相识打车金额（假定行程就5公里） 这里我们可以再定义一个Trip 类 行为有 start 和 end

画UML类图

代码编写

class Car {
    constructor(carId, carName) {
        this.carId = carId
        this.carName = carName
    }
}

class Kuaiche extends Car {
    constructor(carId, carName) {
        super(carId, carName)
        this.price = 1
    }
}

class Zhuanche extends Car {
    constructor(carId, carName) {
        super(carId, carName)
        this.price = 5
    }
}

class Trip {
    constructor(car) {
        this.car = car
    }
    start() {
        console.log(`行程开始,车辆名称：${this.car.carName}.车牌号:${this.car.carId}`)
    }
    end() {
        console.log(`行程结束,价格:${this.car.price * 5}`)
    }
}

let car = new Kuaiche(13551, '法拉利')
let trip = new Trip(car)
console.log(trip.start())
console.log(trip.end())

let car1 = new Zhuanche(13552, '宝马')
let trip1 = new Trip(car1)
console.log(trip1.start())
console.log(trip1.end())

题目二

分析：

莫停车场，分三层，每层100车位 这边可以定义三个类 Park,Floor,Place

每个车位都能监控到车辆的驶入和离开 可以看出 车位有连个行为 驶入（in）和离开（out） 

车辆进入前，显示每层的空余车位数量 Park有一个显示空余车位的行为

车辆进入时，摄像头可识别车牌号和时间 这里可以看出还可以建立一个摄像头的类 并且 Park 有监听车辆进入的行为

车辆出来时，出口显示器显示车牌号和停车时长 需要定义一个显示器类（显示器有显示的行为） 并且Park有监听车辆出来的行为

UML类图

代码实现

class Park {
    constructor(floors, camera, screen) {
        this.floors = floors
        this.camera = camera
        this.screen = screen
        this.carList = {}
    }
    emptyNum() {
        let str = this.floors.map(floor => {
            return `第${floor.index}层还要${floor.showEmptyNum()}个空位.`
        }).join('\n')
        console.log(str)
    }
    in(car) {
        let info = this.camera.shot(car)
        let floor_index = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3)
        let place_index = Math.floor(Math.random() * 100)
        let place = this.floors[floor_index].places[place_index]
        place.in()
        info.place = place
        this.carList[car.carId] = info
        console.log(info)
    }
    out(car) {
        let info = this.carList[car.carId]
        console.log(info)
        this.screen.show(car, info.inTime)
        info.place.out()
        delete this.carList[car.carId]
    }
}

class Floor {
    constructor(index, places) {
        this.places = places
        this.index = index
    }
    showEmptyNum() {
        let emptyNum = 0
        this.places.forEach(item => {
            if (item.empty) {
                emptyNum++;
            }
        })
        return emptyNum;
    }
}

class Place {
    constructor(empty = true) {
        this.empty = empty
    }
    in() {
        this.empty = false
    }
    out() {
        this.empty = true
    }
}

class Screen {
    constructor() {

    }
    show(car, inTime) {
        let now_date = new Date()
        console.log(`车牌号:${car.carId},停车时长:${now_date.getTime() - inTime.getTime()}`)
    }
}

class Camera {
    constructor() {

    }
    shot(car) {
        console.log(`${car.carId}进入停车场`)
        return {
            inTime: new Date(),
            carId: car.carId
        }
    }
}

class Car {
    constructor(carId) {
        this.carId = carId
    }
}
let floors = []
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    let places = []
    for (let j = 0; j < 100; j++) {
        let place = new Place()
        places.push(place)
    }
    let floor = new Floor(i + 1, places)
    floors.push(floor)
}

let camera = new Camera()
let screen = new Screen()
let park = new Park(floors, camera, screen)
console.log(park)

let car1 = new Car(43243)
let car2 = new Car(7857)
let car3 = new Car(110)
park.emptyNum()
park.in(car1)
park.emptyNum()
park.out(car1)
park.emptyNum()
park.in(car2)
park.emptyNum()
park.in(car3)

park.out(car3)
park.out(car2)

设计原则 小既是美