C++(四)——类和对象(下)

this指针的用途

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//解决名称冲突

//返回对象本身 *this
class Person {
public:
	int age;
	Person(int age) {
		//this指针指向的是被调用的成员函数所属的对象
		this->age = age;
	}
	Person & personAddage(Person &p) {
		this->age += p.age;
		return *this;
	}

};
void test01() {
	Person p1(18);
	cout << "p1的年龄为：" << p1.age << endl;


}

void test02() {
	Person p1(10);
	Person p2(10);
	//链式编程思想
	p2.personAddage(p1).personAddage(p1).personAddage(p1);
	cout << "p2的年龄为：" << p2.age << endl;
}


int main() {
	//test01();
	test02();
}

空指针访问成员函数

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//空指针可以调用成员函数
class Person {
public:
	void showClassName() {

		cout << "this is Person class" << endl;
	}
	void showPersonAge() {
		if (this == NULL)//提高健壮性，为NULL直接返回
			return;
		cout << "age = " << m_age << endl;
	}
	int m_age;

};
void test01() {
	Person* p = NULL;
	p->showClassName();
	//p->showPersonAge();//报错原因传入指针为NULL

}
int main() {
	test01();
	return 0;
}

const修饰成员函数

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//常函数，常对象
class Person {
public:
	//this指针的本质是指针常量 指针指向的是不可以修改的
	//const Person * const this
	//在成员函数后面加const，修饰的是this指向，让指针指向的值也不能修改
	void showPerson() const
	{
		m_b = 100;
			//m_a = 100;
			//this = NULL//this指针不可以修改指针的指向
	}
	void fun() {


	}

	int m_a;
	mutable int m_b;//特殊变量 即使在常函数中 也可以修改 必须加mutable
};

void test01() {
	Person p;
	p.showPerson();

}
void test02() {
	const Person p;//在对象前加const，变为常对象
	//p.m_a = 100;
	p.m_b = 100;//因为加了mutable，所以可以修改
	p.showPerson();//常对象只能调用常函数
	//p.fun()//常对象不能调用普通成员函数，普通成员函数可以修改成员变量
}

int main() {
	test02();
	return 0;
}

全局函数做友元

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Building {
	//goodGay全局函数是Building的友元，可以访问私有成员
	friend void goodGay(Building* building);
public:
	Building() {
		m_SittingRom = "客厅";
		m_BedRoom = "卧室";

	}
	string m_SittingRom;
private:
	string m_BedRoom;

};
void goodGay(Building *building) {
	cout << "好基友的全局函数 正在访问" << building->m_SittingRom << endl;
	cout << "好基友的全局函数 正在访问" << building->m_BedRoom << endl;

}
void test01() {
	Building building;
	goodGay(&building);
}


int main() {
	test01();
}

类做友元

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Building;
class GoodGay {
public:
	GoodGay();
	void visit();//参观函数访问building中的属性
	Building* building;


};
class Building {
	//GoodGay是本类的友元，可以访问私有成员
	friend class GoodGay;
public:
	Building();
	string m_SittingRoom;
private:
	string m_BedRoom;

};

//类外写成员函数
Building::Building() {
	m_SittingRoom = "客厅";
	m_BedRoom = "卧室";

}

GoodGay::GoodGay() {
	building = new Building;

}
void GoodGay::visit() {
	cout << "好基友正在访问" << building->m_SittingRoom << endl;
	cout << "好基友正在访问" << building->m_BedRoom << endl;
}
void test01() {
	GoodGay gg;
	gg.visit();
}

int main() {
	test01();
	return 0;
}