题目
把n个骰子扔在地上,所有骰子朝上一面的点数之和为s。输入n,打印出s的所有可能出现的值出现的概率。
解题思路
- 将n个骰子分为两堆,第一堆只有一个,剩下的一堆有n-1个
- 然后计算n-1个骰子的点数之和,过程和第一步一样
- 总共n个骰子,有6^n中排列组合,骰子点数之和在n到6n之间,所以可以用5n+1的数组来存放出现点数之和的次数,将和为s的点数存放在数组的第s-n个元素中
源代码
package Arithmetic;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class DicesSum {
private static int maxValue = 6;
public static List<Map.Entry<Integer, Double>> printProability(int number) {
List<Map.Entry<Integer, Double>> ret = new ArrayList<>();
if (number < 1)
return ret;
int maxSum = maxValue * number;//最大值为6n
int[] a = new int[maxSum - number + 1];
for (int i = number; i < maxSum; i++) {
a[i - number] = 0;
}
Proability(number, a);
double total = Math.pow(maxSum, number);
for (int i = number; i <= maxSum; i++) {
double ratio = a[i - number] / total;
ret.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(i, ratio));
}
return ret;
}
private static void Proability(int number, int[] a) {
for (int i = 1; i <= maxValue; i++) {
Proability(number, number, i, a);
}
}
private static void Proability(int original, int current, int sum, int[] a) {
if (current == 1)
a[sum - original]++;
else {
for (int i = 1; i <= maxValue; i++)
Proability(original, current - 1, sum + i, a);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(printProability(100));
}
}