职责链模式

职责链模式

定义

使多个对象都有机会处理请求，从而避免请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。将这个对象连成一条链，并沿着这条链传递该请求，直到有一个对象处理它为止。
当客户提交一个请求时，请求是沿链传递直到有一个ConcreteHandler对象负责处理它。这使得接收者和发送者都没有对方的明确信息，且链中对象自己也并不知道链的结构，结果是职责链可简化对象的相互连接，它们仅需要保持一个指向其后继者的引用。，而不需要保持它所有的后继接收者的引用。也可以随时增加或修改处理一个请求的结构，增强了给对象指派职责的灵活性。
注意一个请求可能到了链的末端都得不到处理，或者因为没有正确配置而得不到处理。

UML图

模板代码

Handler类：定义一个处理请示的接口。

abstract class Handler{
    protected Handler successor;
    public void setSuccessor(Handler successor){//设置继承者
    	this.successor=successor;
    }
    public abstract void handleRequest(int request);
}

ConcreteHandler1类：具体处理者类，处理它所负责的请求，可访问它的后继者，如果可处理该请求就处理，否则将该请求转发给它的后继者。

class ConcreteHandler1 extends Handler{
	@override
    public void handleRequest(int request){
        if (request >= 0 && request < 10)//0-10处理该请求
            System.out.println("处理请求");
        else if (successor != null)
            successor.handleRequest(request);
    }
}
class ConcreteHandler2 extends Handler{
	@override
    public void handleRequest(int request){//10-20处理该请求
        if (request >= 10 && request < 20)
            System.out.println("处理请求");
        else if (successor != null)
            successor.handleRequest(request);
    }
}
class ConcreteHandler3 extends Handler{
	@override
    public void handleRequest(int request){//20-30处理该请求
        if (request >= 20 && request < 30)
            System.out.println("处理请求");
        else if (successor != null)
            successor.handleRequest(request);
    }
}

客户端代码

static void Main(String[] args){
	Handler h1 = new ConcreteHandler1();
	Handler h2 = new ConcreteHandler2();
	Handler h3 = new ConcreteHandler3();
	h1.setSuccessor(h2);
	h2.setSuccessor(h3);
	//处理请求
	int[] requests = { 2, 5, 14, 22, 18, 3, 27, 20 };
	foreach (var request in requests)
	    h1.handleRequest(request);
}

用例

加薪流程

管理者

abstract class Manager//管理者{
    protected string name;
    //管理者上级
    protected Manager superior;
    public Manager (string name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    //设置管理者的上级
    public void setSuperior(Manager superior)//关键方法{
        this.superior = superior;
    }
    //申请请求
    abstract public void requestApplications(Request request);
}

经理类

class CommonManager extends Manager{
    public CommonManager (string name){
    	super(name);
    }
    @override
    public void requestApplications(Request request){
        //经理的权限就是批准两天以内的假期
        if(request.RequestType =="请假" && request.Number<=2)
            System.out.println("批准");
        else{
            if (superior != null)
                superior.RequestApplications(request);//其余都要转到上级
        }
    }
}

总监类

class Majordomo extends Manager{
    public Majordomo (string name){
    	super(name);
    }
    @override
    public void requestApplications(Request request){
        //总监的权限就是批准一周以内的假期
        if (request.RequestType == "请假" && request.Number <= 5)
            System.out.println("批准");
        else{
            if (superior != null)
                superior.RequestApplications(request);//其余都要转到上级
        }
    }
}

总经理

class CEO extends Manager{
    public CEO (string name):base(name){
    	super(name);
    }
    @override
    public void requestApplications(Request request){
        //总经理的权限就是批准任意天数的假期，加薪500以内没问题，500以上要考虑
        if (request.RequestType == "请假")
        	System.out.println("批准");
        else if (request.RequestType == "加薪" && request.Number <= 500)
            System.out.println("批准");
        else if (request.RequestType == "加薪" && request.Number > 500)
        	System.out.println("驳回");
        }
    }
}

客户端

static void Main(string[] args){
    CommonManager jingli = new CommonManager("张经理");
    Majordomo zongjian = new Majordomo("李总监");
    CEO ceo = new CEO("夏总");

    //设置上级，可以根基实际需求来改
    jingli.setSuperior(zongjian);
    zongjian.setSuperior(ceo);

    //新建请求
    Request request = new Request();
    request.RequestType = "请假";
    request.RequestContent = "李亮请假";
    request.Number =1;
    jingli.requestApplications(request);//申请都是由经理发起，具体谁审批通过的客户不知道

    request.RequestType = "请假";
    request.RequestContent = "东东请假";
    request.Number = 4;
    jingli.requestApplications(request);

    request.RequestType = "加薪";
    request.RequestContent = "阿强加薪";
    request.Number = 500;
    jingli.requestApplications(request);

    request.RequestType = "加薪";
    request.RequestContent = "胖胖加薪";
    request.Number = 1000;
    jingli.requestApplications(request);
}