注解和反射

注解

元注解

@Target：用于描述注解的使用范围

@Rention：表示需要在什么什么级别保存该注释信息，用于描述注解的生命周期。（source<class<runtime）

@Document：说明该注解将被包含在javadoc中。

@Inherited：说明子类可以继承父类中的该注解。

反射

一个类在内存中只能有一个Class对象

一个类被加载后，类的整个结构都会被封装在class对象中

动态的创建对象，通过反射：

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {


        Class c1 = Class.forName("reflection.User");

//        User user = (User) c1.newInstance();  //本质调用无参构造器
//        System.out.println(user);

		//通过构造器构造对象
        Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
        User user2 = (User) constructor.newInstance("秦疆", 001, 15);
        System.out.println(user2);


       
        //通过反射调用普通方法
        User user3 = (User)c1.newInstance();
        //通过反射获取一个方法
        Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
        //invoke 激活 （对象，“方法的值”）
        setName.invoke(user3,"66");
        System.out.println(user3.getName());


  		//通过反射操作属性
        User user4 = (User) c1.newInstance();
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        //不能直接操作私有属性，需要关闭程序的安全检测，属性或方法的setAccessible（True）
        name.setAccessible(true);
        name.set(user4,"菲菲2");
        System.out.println(user4.getName());

通过反射获取注解的信息：

public class Test04 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchFieldException {
        Class<?> c1 = null;
        try {
            c1 = Class.forName("reflection.Student2");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
            System.out.println(annotation);
        }

        //获得注解value的值
        Tablekkk tablekkk = c1.getAnnotation(Tablekkk.class);
        String value = tablekkk.value();
        System.out.println(value);


        //获得类指定的注解
        Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        Filekkk annotation = f.getAnnotation(Filekkk.class);
        System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
        System.out.println(annotation.length());
        System.out.println(annotation.type());


    }

}


@Tablekkk("db_student")
class Student2{

    @Filekkk(columnName = "db",type = "varchar",length = 3)
    private String name;
    @Filekkk(columnName = "db",type = "int",length = 10)
    private int id;
    @Filekkk(columnName = "db",type = "int",length = 10)
    private int age;



    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Student2() {
    }

    public Student2(String name, int id, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student2{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}


@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Tablekkk{
    String value();
}


//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Filekkk{
    String columnName();
    String type();
    int length();
}