一、自动配置类
- /org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-test-autoconfigure/1.5.10.RELEASE/spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar!/META-INF/spring.factories
- org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration
二、默认的错误处理
a)浏览器,返回一个默认的错误页面
SpringBoot 是根据浏览器发送请求的请求头,来决定返回的类型
b)如果是其他客户端,默认响应一个json数据
三、SpringBoot 原理实现
可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,错误处理的自动配置,给容器中添加了以下组件
- DefaultErrorAttributes
- BasicErrorController:处理默认/error请求
- ErrorPageCustomizer
- DefaultErrorViewResolver
a)DefaultErrorAttributes
//帮我们在页面共享信息
//org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DefaultErrorAttributes#getErrorAttributes
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
return errorAttributes;
}
可以在页面取出的值有
- timestamp
- status
- error
- exception
- path
b)BasicErrorController:处理默认/error请求
@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
response.setStatus(status.value());
//去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
}
@RequestMapping
@ResponseBody //产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理;
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
}
c)ErrorPageCustomizer
@Value("${error.path:/error}")
private String path = "/error"; 系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)
d)DefaultErrorViewResolver
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
Map<String, Object> model) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
}
return modelAndView;
}
private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
//默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面? error/404
String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
//模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析
TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
.getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
if (provider != null) {
//模板引擎可用的情况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址
return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
}
//模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面 error/404.html
return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
}
步骤:
一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误,ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则),就会来到/error请求,就会被BasicErrorController处理
响应页面,去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
//所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
if (modelAndView != null) {
return modelAndView;
}
}
return null;
}
四、如何定制错误响应
a)有模板引擎的情况下
- error/状态码【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面
- 我们可以使用 4xx 和 5xx 作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态码.html)
页面能获取的信息
- timestamp:时间戳
- status:状态码
- error:错误提示
- exception:异常对象
- message:异常消息
- errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里
b)没有模板引擎
(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找
c)以上都没有
以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面
五、如何定制错误的json数据
a)自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
return map;
}
}
//没有自适应效果...
b)转发到 /error 进行自适应响应效果处理
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
//传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
/**
* Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
*/
request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
//转发到/error
return "forward:/error";
}
这个时候我们携带的 code 和 message 是不能携带过去的,为什么要传 javax.servlet.error.status_code 这个是根据后面代码来的
@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
//org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController#errorHtml
@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
response.setStatus(status.value());
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
}
//org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController#error
@RequestMapping
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
}
//org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.AbstractErrorController#getStatus
protected HttpStatus getStatus(HttpServletRequest request) {
Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
if (statusCode == null) {
return HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
}
try {
return HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
return HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
}
}
c)将我们的定制数据携带出去
出现错误以后,会来到 /error 请求,会被 BasicErrorController 处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由 getErrorAttributes 得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法)
- 完全来编写一个
ErrorController 的实现类【或者是编写 AbstractErrorController 的子类】,放在容器中 - 页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过 errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes 得到
容器中 DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes() 默认进行数据处理的
SpringBoot 默认是有这个类的,如果我们写了就用我们自己的
//org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration#errorAttributes
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorAttributes.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {
return new DefaultErrorAttributes();
}
自定义ErrorAttributes
//给容器中加入我们自己定义的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
map.put("company","atguigu");
return map;
}
}
最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容