Hibernate的入门使用

hibernate的来源

数据在各个层次之间流转，在流转过程中会发生数据类型转换等一系列的交互问题。java与html的交互解决方案是struts2提供的OGNL（对象导航图语言），而java与数据库之间的技术解决方案是ORM（对象关系映射）。

什么是ORM

对象关系映射：Object relation mapping
1.对象：指的是java对象，是实体bean
2.关系：关系只是数据库，sqlserver，mysql，oracle属于关系型数据库，操作关系型数据库用的是sql语言，但是sql有着明显的缺点，一次只能执行一条语句，没有什么基本的逻辑判断
3.映射：java中对象的属性与数据库中的表字段之间一一对应（包含一对一，一对多，多对一，多对多）。

ORM需要满足的条件

• 有类属性和·表字段一一映射的关系
• 将关系模型（数据库）的操作转化成对对象模型（pojo）的操作

hibernate的优缺点

• 好处：不要程序自己编写sql，简化了开发，提高了开发速度，hibernate入门门槛低，上手快。
• 缺点：由hibernate自动生成的sql是标准的sql，优化难度大，失去了灵活性，对程序员要求较高，要懂一定的O/R映射。

快速入手hibernate案列（maven）

1. 在pom.xml中导入相关的jar’包

<dependency>
	    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
	    <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
	    <version>3.6.5.Final</version>
	</dependency>

如果不能正常创建则需要导入其他包

<--hibenate核心包-->
<dependency>
	    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
	    <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
	    <version>3.6.8.Final</version>
	</dependency>
<--单元测试包（可不导入）-->
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>junit</groupId>
	    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
	    <version>4.7</version>
	    <scope>test</scope>
	</dependency>
<-- Javassit其实就是一个二方包，提供了运行时操作Java字节码的方法-->	
<dependency>
			<groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
			<artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
			<version>3.13.0-GA</version>
	</dependency>
<-- 并发访问处理端口的工具包。-->		
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>backport-util-concurrent</groupId>
	    <artifactId>backport-util-concurrent</artifactId>
	    <version>2.2</version>
	</dependency>
	<-- 日志文件包-->	
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
	    <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
	    <version>1.1.1</version>
	</dependency>
	<--纯Java的进程内缓存框架-->	
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
	    <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
	    <version>1.2.3</version>
	</dependency>

2. hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>

<!--Database connection settings -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl</property>
<property name="connection.username">scott</property>
<property name="connection.password">tiger</property>


<property name="javax.persistence.validation.mode">none</property>
<!-- sql dialect方言 -->
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property>
<!--如果不存在该表，hibernate将自动生成该表 -->
<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!--打印sql语句 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<mapping resource="com/it/bean/Student.hbm.xml"/>

</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

3.*.xml映射文件

• 先写一个实体bean

package com.it.bean;

public class Student {
   private String stu_id;
   private String stu_name;
   private String stu_sex;
   private String stu_birth;
   private String stu_addr;
   public String getStu_id() {
   	return stu_id;
   }
   public void setStu_id(String stu_id) {
   	this.stu_id = stu_id;
   }
   public String getStu_name() {
   	return stu_name;
   }
   public void setStu_name(String stu_name) {
   	this.stu_name = stu_name;
   }
   public String getStu_sex() {
   	return stu_sex;
   }
   public void setStu_sex(String stu_sex) {
   	this.stu_sex = stu_sex;
   }
   public String getStu_birth() {
   	return stu_birth;
   }
   public void setStu_birth(String stu_birth) {
   	this.stu_birth = stu_birth;
   }
   public String getStu_addr() {
   	return stu_addr;
   }
   public void setStu_addr(String stu_addr) {
   	this.stu_addr = stu_addr;
   }
   public Student(String stu_id, String stu_name, String stu_sex, String stu_birth, String stu_addr) {
   	super();
   	this.stu_id = stu_id;
   	this.stu_name = stu_name;
   	this.stu_sex = stu_sex;
   	this.stu_birth = stu_birth;
   	this.stu_addr = stu_addr;
   }
   public Student() {
   	super();
   	// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
   }
   public Student(String stu_id, String stu_name) {
   	super();
   	this.stu_id = stu_id;
   	this.stu_name = stu_name;
   }
   
}

4. 与之对应的映射文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.it.bean">
   <class name="Student" table="stuinfo">
   	<id name="stu_id" column="stu_id">
   		<!-- 主键生成策略 -->
   		<generator class="assigned"></generator>
   	</id>
   	<property name="stu_name" column="stu_name"></property>
   	<property name="stu_sex" column="stu_sex"></property>
   	<property name="stu_birth" column="stu_birth"></property>
   	<property name="stu_addr" column="stu_addr"></property>
   </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

• dao层的书写
• BaseDao

package com.it.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;


public class BaseDao<E>{
	private Session session;
	public BaseDao(Session session){
		this.session=session;
	}
	public void add(E e){
		session.save(e);
	}
	public void delete(E e){
		session.delete(e);
	}
	public void update(E e){
		session.update(e);
	}
	public List<E> finbBySplit(int currentPage,int currentSize,String hql,String...params){
		Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
		//给问号占位符赋值
		for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
			query.setString(i, params[i]);
		}
		//分页参数
		int first=(currentPage-1)*currentSize;
		query.setFirstResult(first);
		query.setMaxResults(currentSize);
		//查询
		return query.list();
	}
}

• StudentDao层的书写

package com.it.dao;



import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import com.it.bean.Student;

public class StudentDao extends BaseDao<Student>{

	public StudentDao(Session session) {
		super(session);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	public void add(Student stu){
		super.add(stu);
	}
	public void delete(Student stu){
		super.delete(stu);
	}
	public void update(Student stu){
		super.update(stu);
	}
	public List<Student> find(int currentPage,int currentSize,Student stu){
		String hql="from Student stu where stu.stu_id like ? and stu.stu_name like ? and stu.stu_sex like ? and stu.stu_birth like ? and stu.stu_addr like ? ";
		String []params={"%"+stu.getStu_id()+"%","%"+stu.getStu_name()+"%","%"+stu.getStu_sex()+"%","%"+stu.getStu_birth()+"%","%"+stu.getStu_addr()+"%"};
		return super.finbBySplit(currentPage, currentSize, hql, params);	
	}

}

5. 此时便可测试了

@Test
	public void add(){
		SessionFactory sessionFactory=null;
		Session session=null;
		Transaction tx=null;
		try {
			//创建sessionfactory
			sessionFactory=new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
			//创建session回话---得到线程本身的回话
			session=sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
			//开启事务
			tx=session.beginTransaction();
			//添加数据
			Student stu=new Student("0000","沈浪","男","87","北京");
//			session.save(stu);
			//修改数据
//			stu.setStu_name("沈万三");
//			session.update(stu);
			//删除数据
//			session.delete(stu);
			//提交事务
			//按照id查询一条数据
//			Student stu1=(Student)session.get(Student.class, "0000");
//			System.out.println(stu1.getStu_name());
			
			//hql的使用
			//查询所有信息
			/*String hql="from Student where stu_id like '%2%'";
			Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
			List<Student> list=query.list();
			for (Student student : list) {
				System.out.println(student.getStu_name());
			}*/
			
			//返回vo对象
			/*String hql="select new Student(stu_id,stu_name) from Student where stu_id like '%2%'";
			Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
			List<Student> list=query.list();
			for (Student student : list) {
				System.out.println(student.getStu_name());
			}*/
			
			//返回map类型的参数
			/*String hql="select new map(count(*) as ct,max(stu_id) as maxid) from Student";
			Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
			Map<String,Object> map=(Map<String,Object>)query.uniqueResult();
			System.out.println(map.get("ct"));*/
			
			//占位符? :
			/*String hql="from Student where stu_id like ?";
			Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
			query.setString(0, "%2%");
			List<Student> list=query.list();
			for (Student student : list) {
				System.out.println(student.getStu_name()+"=========");
			}*/
			
			//:占位符
			/*String  hql="from Student where stu_sex=:uid";
			Map<String,String> params=new HashMap<String,String>();
			params.put("uid","1");
			Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
			//为参数赋值
			for(String key:params.keySet()){
				System.out.println(key+"==========");
				query.setString(key,params.get(key));
			}
			List<Student> list=query.list();
			for (Student student : list) {
				System.out.println(student.getStu_name()+"+++++++");
			}*/
			
			//返回number类型的参数
			/*String hql="select count(*) from Student";
			Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
			Number ct=(Number)query.uniqueResult();
			System.out.println(ct.intValue());*/
			
			//模糊搜素
			/*Student stu1=new Student("1","武");
			String[] params={"%"+stu1.getStu_id()+"%","%"+stu1.getStu_name()+"%"};
			String hql="from Student where stu_id like ? and stu_name like ?";
//			String hql="from Student where stu_id like '%1%' and stu_name like '%武%'";
			Query  query=session.createQuery(hql);
			//为?号赋值
			for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
				query.setString(i,params[i]);
				System.out.println(params[i]);
			}
			System.out.println(hql);
			System.out.println(query.list().size());*/
			
			
			//hibernate分页
			String hql="from Student where stu_id like '%2%'";
			Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
			int currentPage=1;
			int pageSize=4;
			int startPage=(currentPage-1)*pageSize;
			query.setFirstResult(startPage);	//开始显示的位置
			query.setMaxResults(pageSize);  //显示最大数据数
			System.out.println(query.list().size());
			
			tx.commit();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			e.printStackTrace();
			//事务回滚
			tx.rollback();
		}
	}

此刻一个简单的demo变创建成功了