JAVA实验：具备验证码的Web用户登录系统

实验项目内容

（1）Web登陆界面；
（2）使用Servlet类，实现登陆请求的转发和验证；
（3）使用Java GUI 中的图片操作类，根据随机生成的数字构造验证码；
（4）使用Tomcat作为服务器，使用Eclipse、NetBeans或Intellj作为开发环境，使用Maven管理项目，使用Git进行源代码控制；
（5）在实验报告中，对软件需求进行规范、详细的描述；

JAVA代码

LoginServlet.java

package shiyan3;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(name = "LoginServlet", value = "/LoginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 编码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        // 获取请求参数
        /*
            拿到页面传过来的手动输入的验证码, 该验证码要和生成图片上的
            文本验证码比较, 如果相同, 验证码输入成功!
         */
        String imageText = request.getParameter("image");
        // 图片的验证码
        String text = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("text");

        if (!text.equalsIgnoreCase(imageText)) {
            request.setAttribute("imageMess", "验证码输入错误!");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
        }
        // 获取用户名和密码
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");

        if ("username".equals(username) && "password".equals(password)) {
            // 将用户信息保存到session中
            request.getSession().setAttribute("username", username);

            // 使用cookie实现回写用户名
            Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username", username);
            cookie.setMaxAge(60 * 60);
            // 通过响应头发送cookie
            response.addCookie(cookie);
            // 重定向登录成功界面
            response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/jsp/success.jsp");
        } else {
            request.setAttribute("error", "用户名或密码错误!");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    }
}

VeryifyCode.java

package shiyan3;

import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

public class VerifyCode {
    private int w = 70;
    private int h = 35;
    private Random r = new Random();
    // {"宋体", "华文楷体", "黑体", "华文新魏", "华文隶书", "微软雅黑", "楷体_GB2312"}
    private String[] fontNames  = {"宋体", "华文楷体", "黑体", "微软雅黑", "楷体_GB2312"};
    // 可选字符
    private String codes  = "0123456789abcdefghjkmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    // 背景色
    private Color bgColor  = new Color(255, 255, 255);
    // 验证码上的文本
    private String text ;

    // 生成随机的颜色
    private Color randomColor () {
        int red = r.nextInt(150);
        int green = r.nextInt(150);
        int blue = r.nextInt(150);
        return new Color(red, green, blue);
    }

    // 生成随机的字体
    private Font randomFont () {
        int index = r.nextInt(fontNames.length);
        String fontName = fontNames[index];//生成随机的字体名称
        int style = r.nextInt(4);//生成随机的样式, 0(无样式), 1(粗体), 2(斜体), 3(粗体+斜体)
        int size = r.nextInt(5) + 24; //生成随机字号, 24 ~ 28
        return new Font(fontName, style, size);
    }

    // 画干扰线
    private void drawLine (BufferedImage image) {
        int num  = 3;//一共画3条
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();
        for(int i = 0; i < num; i++) {//生成两个点的坐标，即4个值
            int x1 = r.nextInt(w);
            int y1 = r.nextInt(h);
            int x2 = r.nextInt(w);
            int y2 = r.nextInt(h); 
            g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1.5F)); 
            g2.setColor(Color.BLUE); //干扰线是蓝色
            g2.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);//画线
        }
    }

    // 随机生成一个字符
    private char randomChar () {
        int index = r.nextInt(codes.length());
        return codes.charAt(index);
    }

    // 创建BufferedImage
    private BufferedImage createImage () {
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); 
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics(); 
        g2.setColor(this.bgColor);
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
        return image;
    }

    // 调用这个方法得到验证码
    public BufferedImage getImage () {
        BufferedImage image = createImage();//创建图片缓冲区 
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();//得到绘制环境
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();//用来装载生成的验证码文本
        // 向图片中画4个字符
        for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)  {//循环四次，每次生成一个字符
            String s = randomChar() + "";//随机生成一个字母 
            sb.append(s); //把字母添加到sb中
            float x = i * 1.0F * w / 4; //设置当前字符的x轴坐标
            g2.setFont(randomFont()); //设置随机字体
            g2.setColor(randomColor()); //设置随机颜色
            g2.drawString(s, x, h-5); //画图
        }
        this.text = sb.toString(); //把生成的字符串赋给了this.text
        drawLine(image); //添加干扰线
        return image;       
    }

    // 返回验证码图片上的文本
    public String getText () {
        return text;
    }

    // 保存图片到指定的输出流
    public static void output (BufferedImage image, OutputStream out) 
                throws IOException {
        ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", out);
    }
}

VerifyCodeServlet.java

package shiyan3;

import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

public class VerifyCode {
    private int w = 70;
    private int h = 35;
    private Random r = new Random();
    // {"宋体", "华文楷体", "黑体", "华文新魏", "华文隶书", "微软雅黑", "楷体_GB2312"}
    private String[] fontNames  = {"宋体", "华文楷体", "黑体", "微软雅黑", "楷体_GB2312"};
    // 可选字符
    private String codes  = "0123456789abcdefghjkmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    // 背景色
    private Color bgColor  = new Color(255, 255, 255);
    // 验证码上的文本
    private String text ;

    // 生成随机的颜色
    private Color randomColor () {
        int red = r.nextInt(150);
        int green = r.nextInt(150);
        int blue = r.nextInt(150);
        return new Color(red, green, blue);
    }

    // 生成随机的字体
    private Font randomFont () {
        int index = r.nextInt(fontNames.length);
        String fontName = fontNames[index];//生成随机的字体名称
        int style = r.nextInt(4);//生成随机的样式, 0(无样式), 1(粗体), 2(斜体), 3(粗体+斜体)
        int size = r.nextInt(5) + 24; //生成随机字号, 24 ~ 28
        return new Font(fontName, style, size);
    }

    // 画干扰线
    private void drawLine (BufferedImage image) {
        int num  = 3;//一共画3条
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();
        for(int i = 0; i < num; i++) {//生成两个点的坐标，即4个值
            int x1 = r.nextInt(w);
            int y1 = r.nextInt(h);
            int x2 = r.nextInt(w);
            int y2 = r.nextInt(h); 
            g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1.5F)); 
            g2.setColor(Color.BLUE); //干扰线是蓝色
            g2.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);//画线
        }
    }

    // 随机生成一个字符
    private char randomChar () {
        int index = r.nextInt(codes.length());
        return codes.charAt(index);
    }

    // 创建BufferedImage
    private BufferedImage createImage () {
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); 
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics(); 
        g2.setColor(this.bgColor);
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
        return image;
    }

    // 调用这个方法得到验证码
    public BufferedImage getImage () {
        BufferedImage image = createImage();//创建图片缓冲区 
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();//得到绘制环境
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();//用来装载生成的验证码文本
        // 向图片中画4个字符
        for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)  {//循环四次，每次生成一个字符
            String s = randomChar() + "";//随机生成一个字母 
            sb.append(s); //把字母添加到sb中
            float x = i * 1.0F * w / 4; //设置当前字符的x轴坐标
            g2.setFont(randomFont()); //设置随机字体
            g2.setColor(randomColor()); //设置随机颜色
            g2.drawString(s, x, h-5); //画图
        }
        this.text = sb.toString(); //把生成的字符串赋给了this.text
        drawLine(image); //添加干扰线
        return image;       
    }

    // 返回验证码图片上的文本
    public String getText () {
        return text;
    }

    // 保存图片到指定的输出流
    public static void output (BufferedImage image, OutputStream out) 
                throws IOException {
        ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", out);
    }
}

WebContent代码

Login.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
    <title>WEB带验证码登陆系统</title>
</head>
<body>
<%

    // 获取浏览器发送过来的cookie, 从而得到用户输入的信息
    Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
    String username = "";
    if (cookies != null) {
        for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
            if ("username".equals(cookie.getName())) {
                username = cookie.getValue();
            }
        }
    }
%>
<font color="red">${requestScope.message}</font>
<div style="margin-left:400px;margin-right:0px;margin-top:200px;">
<form action="/shiyan3/LoginServlet" method="post">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username" value="<%= username%>"><font color="red">${requestScope.error}</font>
    <br><br>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password">
    <br>
    验证码:<input type="text" name="image">
    <img src="/shiyan3/VerifyCodeServlet">
    <input type="button" value="看不清? 换一张." id="btn"><font color="red">${requestScope.imageMess}</font>
    <br>
    <input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</div>>
<script type="text/javascript">

    document.getElementById("btn").onclick = function () {
        // 获取img元素
        // 为了让浏览器发送请求到servlet, 所以一定要改变src
        document.getElementsByTagName("img")[0].src =
            "/shiyan3/VerifyCodeServlet?time=" + new Date().getTime();
    };
</script>

</body>
</html>

Sucess.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
    <title>成功登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
    // 获取用户信息
    String username = (String) session.getAttribute("username");

    if (username == null) {
        // 保存错误信息到request中, 然后转发到login.jsp中, 提醒登录
        request.setAttribute("message", "请登录!");

        // 转发到登录页面
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/shiyan3/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
    }
%>
<h2>欢迎:${sessionScope.username},登陆成功！</h2>
</body>
</html>

运行结果