Java 如何实现并发控制

假如有十张票，现在需要三个窗口（线程）卖，代码如下：

package com.test.runnable;
 
class MyThread implements Runnable {
	private int ticket = 10;
	public void run() {
		while (ticket > 0) {
			System.out.println("ticket = " + ticket--);
			try {
				Thread.sleep(2000l);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}
 
public class RunnableDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		MyThread my = new MyThread();
		new Thread(my).start();
		new Thread(my).start();
		new Thread(my).start();
	}
}

输出结果为：
ticket = 10
ticket = 9
ticket = 8
ticket = 7
ticket = 7
ticket = 7
ticket = 6
ticket = 5
ticket = 6
ticket = 4
ticket = 4
ticket = 3
ticket = 2
ticket = 1
ticket = 2
可以发现不止卖 了十张，所以要进行并发控制。

同步关键字

package com.test.runnable;
 
class MyThread implements Runnable {
	private int ticket = 10;
	synchronized public void run() {
		while (ticket > 0) {
			System.out.println("ticket = " + ticket--);
			try {
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}
 
public class RunnableDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		MyThread my = new MyThread();
		new Thread(my).start();
		new Thread(my).start();
		new Thread(my).start();
	}
}

或者同步代码块

while(ticket>0){
    synchronized (this){
        System.out.println(ticket--);
    }
    try{
        Thread.sleep(200l);
    }catch (Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

ticket = 10
ticket = 9
ticket = 8
ticket = 7
ticket = 6
ticket = 5
ticket = 4
ticket = 3
ticket = 2
ticket = 1
这样多个窗口卖票，就能正确了，

原子变量

package com.test.runnable;
 
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
class MyThread implements Runnable {
	private AtomicInteger ticket = new AtomicInteger(10);
	synchronized public void run() {		//这里加 synchronized 是为了顺序输出，不加的话，三个线程不是顺序输出
		while (ticket.get() > 0) {
			System.out.println("ticket = " + ticket.getAndAdd(-1));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}
 
public class RunnableDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		MyThread my = new MyThread();
		new Thread(my).start();
		new Thread(my).start();
		new Thread(my).start();
	}
}

信号量Semaphore

package com.test.runnable;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
 
class MyThread implements Runnable {
	final Semaphore semp = new Semaphore(1);
	private  int ticket = 10;
	public void run() {
		// 获取许可
        try {
			semp.acquire();
		} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}
		while (ticket > 0) {
			System.out.println("ticket = " + ticket--);
			try {
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		// 访问完后，释放
        semp.release();
	}
}
 
public class RunnableDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		MyThread my = new MyThread();
		new Thread(my).start();
		new Thread(my).start();
		new Thread(my).start();
	}
}

ReentrantLock

package com.test.runnable;
 
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 
class MyThread implements Runnable {
	private Lock myLock = new ReentrantLock(); // 执行操作所需的锁对象
	private  int ticket = 10;
	public void run() {
		myLock.lock();
		while (ticket > 0) {
			System.out.println("ticket = " + ticket--);
			try {
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		// 访问完后，释放
		myLock.unlock();
	}
}
 
public class RunnableDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		MyThread my = new MyThread();
		new Thread(my).start();
		new Thread(my).start();
		new Thread(my).start();
	}
}

不能采用volatile关键字，因为线程内变量的值更新依赖原值

package com.test.runnable;
 
class MyThread implements Runnable {
	//private volatile int ticket = 10;
	private volatile int ticket = 10;
	public void run() {
		while (ticket > 0) {
			System.out.println("ticket = " + ticket--);
			try {
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}
 
public class RunnableDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		MyThread my = new MyThread();
		new Thread(my).start();
		new Thread(my).start();
		new Thread(my).start();
	}
}