java为每一个基本数据类型都引入了对应的包装类型,int的包装类型就是integer
import org.junit.Test;
/*
* 自动装箱
*/
public class AutoUnboxingTest {
public static void main(String [] args) {
Integer a = new Integer(3);
Integer b = 3;// 将3自动装箱成Integer类型
int c = 3;
System.out.println(a==b);// false 两个引用没有引用同一对象
System.out.println(a==c);// true a自动拆箱成int类型再和c比较
System.out.println(b==c);// true
}
@Test
public void demo2() {
Integer f1 = 100, f2 = 100, f3 = 150, f4 = 150;
System.out.println(f1 == f2);//true
System.out.println(f3 == f4);//false
}
}
如果不明就里很容易认为两个输出要么都是true要么都是false。首先需要注意的是f1、f2、f3、f4四个变量都是Integer对象引用,所以下面的==运算比较的不是值而是引用。装箱的本质是什么呢?当我们给一个Integer对象赋一个int值的时候,会调用Integer类的静态方法valueOf,如果看看valueOf的源代码就知道发生了什么。
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
return new Integer(i);
}
/**
* The value of the {@code Integer}.
*
* @serial
*/
IntegerCache是Integer的内部类,其代码如下所示
/**
* Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
* -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
*
* The cache is initialized on first usage. The size of the cache
* may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
* During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
* may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
* sun.misc.VM class.
*/
private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;
static final int high;
static final Integer cache[];
static {
// high value may be configured by property
int h = 127;
String integerCacheHighPropValue =
sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
try {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
} catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
// If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
}
}
high = h;
cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
int j = low;
for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
// range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
}
简单的说,如果整型字面量的值在-128到127之间,那么不会new新的Integer对象,而是直接引用常量池中的Integer对象,所以上面的面试题中f1f2的结果是true,而f3f4的结果是false。