项目七
- 项目七: 各部门工资最高的员工(难度:中等)
创建Employee 表,包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。
±—±------±-------±-------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
±—±------±-------±-------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
±—±------±-------±-------------+
创建Department 表,包含公司所有部门的信息。
±—±---------+
| Id | Name |
±—±---------+
| 1 | IT |
| 2 | Sales |
±—±---------+
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资,Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。
±-----------±---------±-------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
±-----------±---------±-------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
±-----------±---------±-------+
-- 建表
CREATE TABLE Employee (
`Id` INT ( 4 ) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Name` VARCHAR ( 20 ) NOT NULL,
`Salary` INT ( 10 ) NOT NULL,
`DepartmentId` INT ( 4 ) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY ( `Id` )
);
CREATE TABLE Department (
`Id` INT ( 4 ) AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Name` VARCHAR ( 20 ),
PRIMARY KEY ( `Id` )
);
-- 添加数据
INSERT INTO employee ( name, salary, departmentid )
VALUES
( 'Joe', 70000, 1 ),
( 'Henry', 80000, 2 ),
( 'Sam', 60000, 2 ),
( 'Max', 90000, 1 )
INSERT INTO Department ( NAME )
VALUES
( 'IT' ),
( 'Sales' );
-- 查询
SELECT
d.`name` `Department`,
e.`name` `Employee`,
e.salary
FROM
( SELECT DepartmentId, MAX( Salary ) s FROM employee GROUP BY DepartmentId ) tmp
JOIN employee e ON e.Salary = tmp.s
JOIN department d ON d.id = tmp.DepartmentId
ORDER BY
Department
项目八
- 项目八: 换座位(难度:中等)
小美是一所中学的信息科技老师,她有一张 seat 座位表,平时用来储存学生名字和与他们相对应的座位 id。
其中纵列的 id 是连续递增的
小美想改变相邻俩学生的座位。
你能不能帮她写一个 SQL query 来输出小美想要的结果呢?
请创建如下所示seat表:
示例:
±--------±--------+
| id | student |
±--------±--------+
| 1 | Abbot |
| 2 | Doris |
| 3 | Emerson |
| 4 | Green |
| 5 | Jeames |
±--------±--------+
假如数据输入的是上表,则输出结果如下:
±--------±--------+
| id | student |
±--------±--------+8
| 1 | Doris |
| 2 | Abbot |
| 3 | Green |
| 4 | Emerson |
| 5 | Jeames |
±--------±--------+
注意:
如果学生人数是奇数,则不需要改变最后一个同学的座位。
-- 建表
CREATE TABLE `seat` (
`id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`student` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
-- 添加数据
INSERT INTO `seat` ( student )
VALUES
( 'Abbot' ),
( 'Doris' ),
( 'Emerson' ),
( 'Green' ),
( 'Jeames' )
-- 查询
SELECT
(
CASE
WHEN MOD ( id, 2 ) = 1
AND id != maxid THEN
id + 1
WHEN MOD ( id, 2 ) = 1
AND id = maxid THEN
id ELSE id - 1
END
) AS id,
student
FROM
seat,
( SELECT max( id ) AS maxid FROM seat ) AS TEMP
ORDER BY
id;
项目九
- 项目九: 分数排名(难度:中等)
编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同,则两个分数排名(Rank)相同。请注意,平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说,名次之间不应该有“间隔”。
创建以下score表:
±—±------+
| Id | Score |
±—±------+
| 1 | 3.50 |
| 2 | 3.65 |
| 3 | 4.00 |
| 4 | 3.85 |
| 5 | 4.00 |
| 6 | 3.65 |
±—±------+
例如,根据上述给定的 Scores 表,你的查询应该返回(按分数从高到低排列):
±------±-----+
| Score | Rank |
±------±-----+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 2 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.50 | 4 |
±------±-----+
-- 查询
SELECT
score,
( SELECT COUNT( DISTINCT s1.score ) FROM score s1 WHERE s1.score >= s.score ) AS `rank`
FROM
Score s
ORDER BY
`rank`
项目十
- 项目十:行程和用户(难度:困难)
Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id,Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型,枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。
±—±----------±----------±--------±-------------------±---------+
| Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id | Status |Request_at|
±—±----------±----------±--------±-------------------±---------+
| 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-01|
| 2 | 2 | 11 | 1 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-01|
| 3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-01|
| 4 | 4 | 13 | 6 | cancelled_by_client|2013-10-01|
| 5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 6 | 2 | 11 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 7 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 8 | 2 | 12 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03|
| 9 | 3 | 10 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03|
| 10 | 4 | 13 | 12 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-03|
±—±----------±----------±--------±-------------------±---------+
Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止,Role 则是一个表示(‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’)的枚举类型。
±---------±-------±-------+
| Users_Id | Banned | Role |
±---------±-------±-------+
| 1 | No | client |
| 2 | Yes | client |
| 3 | No | client |
| 4 | No | client |
| 10 | No | driver |
| 11 | No | driver |
| 12 | No | driver |
| 13 | No | driver |
±---------±-------±-------+
写一段 SQL 语句查出 2013年10月1日 至 2013年10月3日 期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表,你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果,取消率(Cancellation Rate)保留两位小数。
±-----------±------------------+
| Day | Cancellation Rate |
±-----------±------------------+
| 2013-10-01 | 0.33 |
| 2013-10-02 | 0.00 |
| 2013-10-03 | 0.50 |
±-----------±------------------+
-- 建表
CREATE TABLE Users (
`User_Id` INT ( 4 ) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Banned` VARCHAR ( 20 ) NOT NULL,
`Role` enum ( 'client', 'driver', 'partner' ),
PRIMARY KEY ( `User_Id` )
)
CREATE TABLE Trips (
`Id` INT ( 4 ) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Client_Id` INT ( 4 ) NOT NULL,
`Driver_Id` INT ( 4 ) NOT NULL,
`City_Id` INT ( 4 ) NOT NULL,
`Status` enum ( 'completed', 'cancelled_by_driver', 'cancelled_by_client' ),
`Request_at` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY ( `Id` ),
FOREIGN KEY ( `Client_Id` ) REFERENCES Users ( `User_Id` ),
FOREIGN KEY ( `Driver_Id` ) REFERENCES Users ( `User_Id` )
)
-- 添加数据
INSERT INTO Users ( `User_Id`, `Banned`, `Role` )
VALUES
( 1, 'No', 'client' ),
( 2, 'Yes', 'client' ),
( 3, 'No', 'client' ),
( 4, 'No', 'client' ),
( 10, 'No', 'driver' ),
( 11, 'No', 'driver' ),
( 12, 'No', 'driver' ),
( 13, 'No', 'driver' )
INSERT INTO Trips ( `Client_Id`, `Driver_Id`, `City_Id`, `Status`, `Request_at` )
VALUES
( 1, 10, 1, 'completed', '2013-10-01' ),
( 2, 11, 1, 'cancelled_by_driver', '2013-10-01' ),
( 3, 12, 6, 'completed', '2013-10-01' ),
( 4, 13, 6, 'cancelled_by_client', '2013-10-01' ),
( 1, 10, 1, 'completed', '2013-10-02' ),
( 2, 11, 6, 'completed', '2013-10-02' ),
( 3, 12, 6, 'completed', '2013-10-02' ),
( 2, 12, 12, 'completed', '2013-10-03' ),
( 3, 10, 12, 'completed', '2013-10-03' ),
( 4, 13, 12, 'cancelled_by_driver', '2013-10-03' )
-- 查询
SELECT
total.request_at `Day`,
FORMAT( CASE WHEN cancelled.num / total.num IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE cancelled.num / total.num END, 2 ) `Cancellation Rate`
FROM
(
SELECT
t.Request_at,
count( * ) num
FROM
trips t
JOIN users u ON u.user_id = t.Client_Id
AND u.Role = 'client'
AND u.Banned = 'No'
AND t.`Status` LIKE 'cancelled%'
AND t.Request_at BETWEEN '2013-10-01'
AND '2013-10-03'
GROUP BY
t.Request_at
) cancelled
RIGHT JOIN (
SELECT
t.Request_at,
count( * ) num
FROM
trips t
JOIN users u ON u.user_id = t.Client_Id
AND u.Role = 'client'
AND u.Banned = 'No'
AND t.request_at BETWEEN '2013-10-01'
AND '2013-10-03'
GROUP BY
t.Request_at
) total ON cancelled.request_at = total.request_at
项目十一
- 项目十一:各部门前3高工资的员工(难度:中等)
将项目7中的employee表清空,重新插入以下数据(其实是多插入5,6两行):
±—±------±-------±-------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
±—±------±-------±-------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
| 5 | Janet | 69000 | 1 |
| 6 | Randy | 85000 | 1 |
±—±------±-------±-------------+
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资前三高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,查询结果应返回:
±-----------±---------±-------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
±-----------±---------±-------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| IT | Randy | 85000 |
| IT | Joe | 70000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
| Sales | Sam | 60000 |
±-----------±---------±-------+
此外,请考虑实现各部门前N高工资的员工功能。
SELECT
d.`Name` Department,
e2.`Name` Employee,
e2.Salary
FROM
(
SELECT
`Name`,
DepartmentId,
Salary,
(
SELECT
COUNT( DISTINCT e1.salary )
FROM
employee e1
WHERE
e.Salary <= e1.Salary
AND e.DepartmentId = e1.DepartmentId
) AS `Rank`
FROM
employee e
) e2
JOIN department d ON d.Id = e2.DepartmentId
WHERE
e2.`Rank` <= 3
ORDER BY
DepartmentId,
`Rank`;
若需要实现前N高工资的员工功能,则把3改成对应的N即可。
项目十二
- 项目十二 分数排名 - (难度:中等)
项目九的分数表,实现排名功能,但是排名是非连续的,如下:
±------±-----+
| Score | Rank |
±------±-----+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 4 |
| 3.65 | 4 |
| 3.50 | 6 |
±------±-----
SELECT
score,
( SELECT COUNT( s.score ) FROM score s WHERE s.Score > sc.Score ) + 1 AS `Rank`
FROM
score sc
ORDER BY
`Rank`