现今使用微信登录第三方网站已成为潮流，这样免去了注册的繁琐步骤，因此，本篇博客就简单记录下springboot集成微信扫描登录的步骤。
目 录
1、前言
使用微信扫描登录功能，要去官网申请开发者资质，要通过申请才能获取到appid、appsecret，申请完后要设置回调链接（用于设置扫码登录确认后）。
具体开发文档可参考官方开发文档网址
整个调用过程可以通过图示描述：
- 第三方发起微信授权登录请求，微信用户允许授权第三方应用后，微信会拉起应用或重定向到第三方网站，并且带上授权临时票据code参数；
- 通过code参数加上AppID和AppSecret等，通过API换取access_token；
- 通过access_token进行接口调用，获取用户基本数据资源或帮助用户实现基本操作。
2、编写配置类将appid等信息注入
@Component
//@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
public class ConstantProperties implements InitializingBean {
@Value("${wx.open.app_id}")
private String appID;
@Value("${wx.open.app_secret}")
private String appSecret;
@Value("${wx.open.redirect_url}")
private String redirectUrl;
public static String WX_APP_ID;
public static String WX_APP_SECRET;
public static String WX_REDIRECT_URL;
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
WX_APP_ID=this.appID;
WX_APP_SECRET=this.appSecret;
WX_REDIRECT_URL=this.redirectUrl;
}
}application.properties文件
# 微信开放平台 appid
wx.open.app_id=wxed9954c01b写你自己的
# 微信开放平台 appsecret
wx.open.app_secret=a7482517235173ddb4083788de写你自己的
# 微信开放平台 重定向url
wx.open.redirect_url=http://写你自己的/ucenter/wx/callback3、获取扫描二维码的方法
可参考上面给出的官方文档
@Controller //注意这里没有配置 @RestController
@CrossOrigin
@RequestMapping("/api/ucenter/wx")
public class WxApiController {
//生成微信扫描二维码, %s 相当于?占位符
@GetMapping("/login")
public String getWxCode(){
String baseUrl ="https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/qrconnect"
+"?appid=%s"
+"&redirect_uri=%s"
+"&response_type=code"
+"&scope=snsapi_login"
+"&state=%s"
+"#wechat_redirect";
//对redirect_uri进行URLEncoder编码
String redirect_uri = ConstantProperties.WX_REDIRECT_URL;
try {
redirect_uri = URLEncoder.encode(redirect_uri, "utf-8");//参数1：待编码字符串 参数2：编码方式
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//设置 %s 占位符的参数，上面有3处
String url = String.format(baseUrl,
ConstantProperties.WX_APP_ID,
redirect_uri,
"guli");
//请求微信地址
return "redirect:" + url;
}
}4、获取微信个人信息
- 通过扫描二维码并确认登录后，会进行回调填写的回调链接，为进行顺利进行，现在后端编写一个回调方法用于获取code凭证。
- 拿着code凭证+appid、secret通过HttpClient技术访问固定网址，得到返回值，通过gson转换工具，将json转换为map集合获取到access_token。
- 拿着access_token和appid使用HttpClient访问固定网址得到微信的个人信息（昵称头像等）。
现给出我的逻辑代码，可以作为初步参考：
@Autowired
private UcenterMemberService ucenterMemberService;
@GetMapping("/callback")
public String callback(String code, String state, HttpSession session){
//获取code值，临时票据，类似于验证码
//拿着code，去请求微信固定的地址，得到两个值 access_token 和 openid
String baseAccessTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token"+
"?appid=%s" +
"&secret=%s" +
"&code=%s" +
"&grant_type=authorization_code";
//拼接三个参数：id 秘钥 和 code值
String accessTokenUrl = String.format(baseAccessTokenUrl,
ConstantProperties.WX_APP_ID
, ConstantProperties.WX_APP_SECRET
, code);
//请求上面拼接好的地址，得到两个值 access_token 和 openid
//使用httpclient【不用浏览器，也能模拟器出浏览器的请求和响应过程】发送请求，得到返回的结果
String accessTokenInfo = null;
try {
accessTokenInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(accessTokenUrl);
System.out.println("accessTokenInfo：。。。" +accessTokenInfo);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//从accessTokenInfo中获取出 access_token 和 openid 的值
//将 accessTokenInfo 转换成 map集合，根据map的key 就可以获取对应的value
//使用json转换工具
Gson gson = new Gson();
HashMap mapAccessToken = gson.fromJson(accessTokenInfo, HashMap.class);
String access_token = (String) mapAccessToken.get("access_token");
String openid = (String) mapAccessToken.get("openid");
//判断数据库是否存在相同的微信内容
UcenterMember member = ucenterMemberService.getMemberByOpenId(openid);
//如果没有，则为新用户，添加数据库
if (member == null){
//拿着 access_token 和 openid 的值再去请求微信提供的固定地址
//访问微信的资源服务器，获取用户信息
String baseUserInfoUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo" +
"?access_token=%s" +
"&openid=%s";
String userInfoUrl = String.format(baseUserInfoUrl, access_token, openid);
String resultUserInfo = null;
try {
resultUserInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(userInfoUrl);
System.out.println(resultUserInfo);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
HashMap<String, Object> resultMap = gson.fromJson(resultUserInfo, HashMap.class);
String nickname = (String) resultMap.get("nickname");
String headimgurl = (String) resultMap.get("headimgurl");
//向数据库插入一条记录
member = new UcenterMember();
member.setNickname(nickname);
member.setAvatar(headimgurl);
member.setOpenid(openid);
ucenterMemberService.save(member);
}
//使用jwt根据member对象生成token字符串
String jwtToken = JwtUtils.getJwtToken(member.getId(), member.getNickname());
//最后，返回首页，通过路径传递token字符串
return "redirect:http://localhost:3000?token="+jwtToken;
}注意：以上操作前，要引入Gson依赖，以及编写HttpClient依赖，上面代码中的ucenterMemberService操作为将个人信息添加到的数据库中。
下面给出两个工具类HttpClientUtils和JwtUtils的逻辑代码：
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.X509HostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* 依赖的jar包有：commons-lang-2.6.jar、httpclient-4.3.2.jar、httpcore-4.3.1.jar、commons-io-2.4.jar
* @author zhaoyb
* HttpClient 可以模拟浏览器的请求响应
*
*/
public class HttpClientUtils {
public static final int connTimeout=10000;
public static final int readTimeout=10000;
public static final String charset="UTF-8";
private static HttpClient client = null;
static {
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
cm.setMaxTotal(128);
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(128);
client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build();
}
public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{
return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout);
}
public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{
return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout);
}
public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout);
}
public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout);
}
public static String get(String url) throws Exception {
return get(url, charset, null, null);
}
public static String get(String url, String charset) throws Exception {
return get(url, charset, connTimeout, readTimeout);
}
/**
* 发送一个 Post 请求, 使用指定的字符集编码.
*
* @param url
* @param body RequestBody
* @param mimeType 例如 application/xml "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" a=1&b=2&c=3
* @param charset 编码
* @param connTimeout 建立链接超时时间,毫秒.
* @param readTimeout 响应超时时间,毫秒.
* @return ResponseBody, 使用指定的字符集编码.
* @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立链接超时异常
* @throws SocketTimeoutException 响应超时
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String post(String url, String body, String mimeType,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout)
throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
HttpClient client = null;
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
String result = "";
try {
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) {
HttpEntity entity = new StringEntity(body, ContentType.create(mimeType, charset));
post.setEntity(entity);
}
// 设置参数
Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
if (connTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
}
if (readTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
}
post.setConfig(customReqConf.build());
HttpResponse res;
if (url.startsWith("https")) {
// 执行 Https 请求.
client = createSSLInsecureClient();
res = client.execute(post);
} else {
// 执行 Http 请求.
client = HttpClientUtils.client;
res = client.execute(post);
}
result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset);
} finally {
post.releaseConnection();
if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 提交form表单
*
* @param url
* @param params
* @param connTimeout
* @param readTimeout
* @return
* @throws ConnectTimeoutException
* @throws SocketTimeoutException
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String postForm(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
HttpClient client = null;
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
try {
if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = params.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, Consts.UTF_8);
post.setEntity(entity);
}
if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {
for (Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
post.addHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
// 设置参数
Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
if (connTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
}
if (readTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
}
post.setConfig(customReqConf.build());
HttpResponse res = null;
if (url.startsWith("https")) {
// 执行 Https 请求.
client = createSSLInsecureClient();
res = client.execute(post);
} else {
// 执行 Http 请求.
client = HttpClientUtils.client;
res = client.execute(post);
}
return IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), "UTF-8");
} finally {
post.releaseConnection();
if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null
&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
}
}
}
/**
* 发送一个 GET 请求
*
* @param url
* @param charset
* @param connTimeout 建立链接超时时间,毫秒.
* @param readTimeout 响应超时时间,毫秒.
* @return
* @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立链接超时
* @throws SocketTimeoutException 响应超时
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String get(String url, String charset, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout)
throws ConnectTimeoutException,SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
HttpClient client = null;
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
String result = "";
try {
// 设置参数
Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
if (connTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
}
if (readTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
}
get.setConfig(customReqConf.build());
HttpResponse res = null;
if (url.startsWith("https")) {
// 执行 Https 请求.
client = createSSLInsecureClient();
res = client.execute(get);
} else {
// 执行 Http 请求.
client = HttpClientUtils.client;
res = client.execute(get);
}
result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset);
} finally {
get.releaseConnection();
if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null && client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 从 response 里获取 charset
*
* @param ressponse
* @return
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private static String getCharsetFromResponse(HttpResponse ressponse) {
// Content-Type:text/html; charset=GBK
if (ressponse.getEntity() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue() != null) {
String contentType = ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue();
if (contentType.contains("charset=")) {
return contentType.substring(contentType.indexOf("charset=") + 8);
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 创建 SSL连接
* @return
* @throws GeneralSecurityException
*/
private static CloseableHttpClient createSSLInsecureClient() throws GeneralSecurityException {
try {
SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException {
return true;
}
}).build();
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new X509HostnameVerifier() {
@Override
public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
return true;
}
@Override
public void verify(String host, SSLSocket ssl)
throws IOException {
}
@Override
public void verify(String host, X509Certificate cert)
throws SSLException {
}
@Override
public void verify(String host, String[] cns,
String[] subjectAlts) throws SSLException {
}
});
return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
} catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
throw e;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String str= post("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml","name=12&page=34","application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "UTF-8", 10000, 10000);
//String str= get("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml?name=12&page=34","GBK");
/*Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
map.put("name", "111");
map.put("page", "222");
String str= postForm("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml",map,null, 10000, 10000);*/
System.out.println(str);
} catch (ConnectTimeoutException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jws;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.Date;
public class JwtUtils {
//使用前提请先导包jjtw包
//token过期时间
public static final long EXPIRE = 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24;
//秘钥，每个公司生成规则不一样
public static final String APP_SECRET = "ukc8BDbRigUDaY6pZFfWus2jZWLPHO";
//生成token字符串方法
public static String getJwtToken(String id, String nickname) {
String JwtToken = Jwts.builder()
//设置jwt头信息，红色部分，内容固定，不需要改
.setHeaderParam("typ", "JWT")
.setHeaderParam("alg", "HS256")
.setSubject("guli-user")
.setIssuedAt(new Date())
.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRE))//设置过期时间
//设置token主体部分，存储用户信息，可设置多个值
.claim("id", id)
.claim("nickname", nickname)
//设置签名哈希（防伪标志）
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, APP_SECRET)
.compact();
return JwtToken;
}
/**
* 判断token是否存在与有效
*
* @param jwtToken
* @return
*/
public static boolean checkToken(String jwtToken) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jwtToken)) return false;
try {
//根据设置的防伪码解析token
Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(APP_SECRET).parseClaimsJws(jwtToken);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* 判断token是否存在与有效
*
* @param request
* @return
*/
public static boolean checkToken(HttpServletRequest request) {
try {
String jwtToken = request.getHeader("token");
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jwtToken)) return false;
//根据设置的防伪码解析token
Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(APP_SECRET).parseClaimsJws(jwtToken);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* 根据token获取会员id
*
* @param request
* @return
*/
public static String getMemberIdByJwtToken(HttpServletRequest request) {
String jwtToken = request.getHeader("token");
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jwtToken)) return "";
//根据设置的防伪码解析token，获取对象
Jws<Claims> claimsJws =
Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(APP_SECRET).parseClaimsJws(jwtToken);
//获取token有效载荷【用户信息】
Claims claims = claimsJws.getBody();
return (String) claims.get("id");
}
}
5、总结
以上就是整个集成过程，其中可能复杂点在回调网址那部分，仔细阅读官网文档和代码，理解其中逻辑，你肯定没有问题。
学习之所以会想睡觉，是因为那是梦开始的地方。
ଘ(੭ˊᵕˋ)੭ （开心） ଘ(੭ˊᵕˋ)੭ （开心）ଘ(੭ˊᵕˋ)੭ （开心）ଘ(੭ˊᵕˋ)੭ （开心）ଘ(੭ˊᵕˋ)੭ （开心）
------不写代码不会凸的小刘
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