GUI编程(笔记)、AWT、布局管理器、事件监听、Swing、Frame、JFrame、面板、文本框

这篇博客详细介绍了Java图形用户界面(GUI)编程的基础,包括AWT和Swing库的使用。从AWT的Frame、Panel、布局管理器到Swing的窗口、标签、按钮、列表和文本框,涵盖了组件的基本用法。此外,还讲解了事件监听机制,如按钮点击、文本框输入和鼠标交互,并提供了简易计算器和图形绘制的例子。通过对这些概念和实践的掌握,读者可以更好地理解和应用Java面向对象编程思想。
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GUI这个技术在企业中几乎用不到,但学习GUI编程,可以很好的学习和理解java面向对象编程的思想和代码的结构。swing是awt的优化版。下面,我主要用代码和注释的方式学习GUI编程。

1、AWT

1.1 AWT介绍

(1)包含很多类和接口。

(2)AWT含有元素:窗口、按钮、文本框。

(3)java.awt包。

1.2 组件和容器

(1)Frame
Frame f = new Frame("my first frame");
//设置窗口背景颜色
//f.setBackground(Color.lightGray);//使用设定好的颜色

//new Color(r,g,b);自定义颜色
f.setBackground(new Color(25, 38, 41));

/*//设置窗口坐标
f.setLocation(400,200);
//设置窗口大小
f.setSize(400,320);*/
//设置窗口坐标和大小
f.setBounds(400,200,400,320);

//设置窗口可见
f.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口不可拉伸
f.setResizable(false);
(2)panel面板
//面板可以看成一个空间,但是不能单独存在,要放到Frame里
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame fr = new Frame();

        //new一个面板
        Panel pa = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        fr.setLayout(null);
        fr.setBounds(200,200,500,500);
        fr.setBackground(new Color(89, 127, 208));

        //设置面板,坐标相对于Frame
        pa.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        pa.setBackground(new Color(118, 208, 85));

        //将Panel 添加到Frame
        fr.add(pa);

        fr.setVisible(true);
        fr.setResizable(false);

        //添加监听窗口关闭事件,system.exit(0);
        //适配器模式
        fr.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            //窗口点击关闭时,需要做的事情
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
(3)布局管理器
  • 流式布局

    //创建Frame,设置坐标大小背景
    Frame frame = new Frame("流式布局");
    frame.setBounds(200,150,300,300);
    frame.setBackground(new Color(255, 29, 46));
    
    //创建按钮几个Button
    Button button1 = new Button("a");
    Button button2 = new Button("b");
    Button button3 = new Button("c");
    Button button4 = new Button("d");
    
    //Frame设置成流式布局
    //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());//默认居中
    //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(1));
    frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
    
    //将按钮加到Frame
    frame.add(button1);
    frame.add(button2);
    frame.add(button3);
    frame.add(button4);
    
  • 边界布局

    //创建Frame,设置坐标大小背景
    Frame frame = new Frame("边界布局");
    frame.setBounds(200,150,300,300);
    frame.setBackground(new Color(255, 29, 46));
    
    //创建按钮几个Button
    Button button1 = new Button("east");
    Button button2 = new Button("west");
    Button button3 = new Button("south");
    Button button4 = new Button("north");
    Button button5 = new Button("center");
    
    //将按钮加到Frame,设置东西南北中
    frame.add(button1, BorderLayout.EAST);
    frame.add(button2, BorderLayout.WEST);
    frame.add(button3, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    frame.add(button4, BorderLayout.NORTH);
    frame.add(button5, BorderLayout.CENTER);表格布局
    
    Frame frame = new Frame("表格布局");
    
    //创建按钮几个Button
    Button button1 = new Button("a");
    Button button2 = new Button("b");
    Button button3 = new Button("c");
    Button button4 = new Button("d");
    Button button5 = new Button("e");
    Button button6 = new Button("f");
    
    //Frame设置成表格布局
    frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2,10,10));
    
    frame.add(button1);
    frame.add(button2);
    frame.add(button3);
    frame.add(button4);
    frame.add(button5);
    frame.add(button6);
    
    //自动选择最优方式填充,frame不用设置大小
    frame.pack();
    
    //Frame可见
    frame.setVisible(true);
    

练习布局:

public class LayoutExer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建Frame,设置坐标大小背景
        Frame frame = new Frame("练习布局");
        frame.setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));

        Panel panel1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());//边界布局
        Panel panel2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));//表格布局
        Panel panel3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());//边界布局
        Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));//表格布局

        panel1.add(new Button("east1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel1.add(new Button("west1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel2.add(new Button("p2but1"));
        panel2.add(new Button("p2but2"));
        panel1.add(panel2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        panel3.add(new Button("east2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel3.add(new Button("west2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
            panel4.add(new Button("p4but"+i));
        }
        panel3.add(panel4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.add(panel1);
        frame.add(panel3);

        //Frame可见
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //添加窗口关闭监听
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
(4)事件监听
  • 按钮监听
public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button("pass");
        Button b1 = new Button("b-start");
        Button b2 = new Button("b-spot");

        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        frame.add(button);
        frame.add(b1);
        frame.add(b2);

        button.addActionListener(new MyAction());
        b1.addActionListener(new MyAction());
        b2.addActionListener(new MyAction());

        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);

        closeWindow(frame);
    }

    public static void closeWindow(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }
}

class MyAction implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("按了");
    }
}
  • 文本框监听
class MyFrame1 extends Frame{
    public MyFrame1(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();//单行文本
        add(textField);

        //监听文本框,按enter ,获得文本框信息
        textField.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //获得资源,返回给对象
                TextField f = (TextField) e.getSource();
                //提取出文本框里的信息
                System.out.println(f.getText());
                //回车后,设置文本框清空
                f.setText("");
            }
        });

        textField.setEchoChar('*');//设置替换显示的信息

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
(5)简易计算器
  • 原始代码
//简易计算器一代
public class TestCalculator1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator1();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator1 extends Frame{
    public Calculator1(){
        /*
        3个文本框,一个按钮,一个标签*/
        TextField t1 = new TextField(10);
        TextField t2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField t3 = new TextField(15);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(t1);
        add(label);
        add(t2);
        add(button);
        add(t3);

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener1(t1, t2, t3));

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener1 implements ActionListener{

    //获取变量
    public TextField t1,t2,t3;
    public MyCalculatorListener1(TextField t1,TextField t2,TextField t3){
        this.t1 = t1;
        this.t2 = t2;
        this.t3 = t3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //获得两个加数
        //getText()获取到的是String类型,通过包装类Intger转换
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(t2.getText());

        //运算,并将值放到第三个文本框
        t3.setText(""+(n1+n2));

        //清空
        t1.setText("");
        t2.setText("");
    }
}
  • 代码改进
//简易计算器
public class TestCalculator2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator2().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator2 extends Frame{

    TextField t1,t2,t3;

    public void loadFrame(){
        /*3个文本框,一个按钮,一个标签*/
        t1 = new TextField(10);
        t2 = new TextField(10);
        t3 = new TextField(15);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(t1);
        add(label);
        add(t2);
        add(button);
        add(t3);

        //添加监听
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener2(this));

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener2 implements ActionListener{

    //在一个类中,组合另外一个类,获得计算器的对象
    Calculator2 calculator2 = null;

    public MyCalculatorListener2(Calculator2 calculator2){
        this.calculator2 = calculator2;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator2.t1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator2.t2.getText());
        calculator2.t3.setText(""+(n1+n2));

        calculator2.t1.setText("");
        calculator2.t2.setText("");
    }
}
  • 代码再改进,完全面向对象,内部类
//计算器类
class Calculator3 extends Frame{

    TextField t1,t2,t3;

    public void loadFrame(){
        /*3个文本框,一个按钮,一个标签*/
        t1 = new TextField(10);
        t2 = new TextField(10);
        t3 = new TextField(15);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(t1);
        add(label);
        add(t2);
        add(button);
        add(t3);

        //添加监听
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener3());

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //监听器类
    /*
    内部类最大的好处,可以畅通无阻的访问外部的属性和方法。
    内部类可以简化代码,公司里重复做的就是简化代码。
     */
    private class MyCalculatorListener3 implements ActionListener{
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(t2.getText());
            t3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            t1.setText("");
            t2.setText("");
        }
    }
}
(6)鼠标监听
//鼠标监听事件,用鼠标画点
public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame3("画板");
    }
}

class MyFrame3 extends Frame{
    ArrayList points = null;

    public MyFrame3(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(100,100,500,400);

        //在这个窗口,添加鼠标监听器
        addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());

        //用创建集合,用来存鼠标点击的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();

        setVisible(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画
        //用迭代器将ArrayList里的点迭代出来
        Iterator it = points.iterator();
        //当存在点时,就画下来
        while(it.hasNext()){
            Point p = (Point) it.next();//将指针指向下一个,返回给当前的点

            g.setColor(Color.red);//设置点颜色
            //填充一个圆形
            g.fillOval(p.x, p.y, 10,10);
        }
    }

    //点添加到集合
    public void addPaint(Point pp){
        points.add(pp);
    }
    
    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        //鼠标---按下,弹起,按住不放,监听鼠标事件
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            //getSource()获取当前窗口的对象
            MyFrame3 fr = (MyFrame3) e.getSource();
            /*点击时,在界面上产生一个点
            这个点是鼠标的点,监听鼠标当前位置,获得点坐标,将点实例化成对象
            添加到集合*/
            fr.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(), e.getY()));
            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍,刷新
            fr.repaint();
        }
    }
}
(7)窗口监听
public class TestWindowListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame {
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBounds(100,100,400,350);
        setVisible(true);
        //使用匿名内部类
        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }

            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
                source.setTitle("激活了");
            }
        });
    }
}
(8)键盘监听
public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(100,100,400,350);
        setVisible(true);
        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //按下键盘
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //e.getKeyCode()获取键盘码
                if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("输入了上键");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

2、Swing

2.1第一个窗口

public class JFrameDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //实例化,  对象.方法
        new MyJFrame().init();
    }
}
class MyJFrame extends JFrame{
    //init();初始化
    public void init(){
        //顶级窗口
        this.setTitle("swing窗口");
        this.setBounds(100,100,400,300);
        this.setBackground(new Color(156, 219, 233));
        this.setVisible(true);
        //swing 的组件比awt多个“J”
        JLabel la = new JLabel("让我居中");
        this.add(la);
        la.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        //窗口关闭事件
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

2.2标签

  • JLabel
  • Icon
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo(){
        setBounds(150,100,400,300);
        setVisible(true);
        //获取当前类同级资源的地址,返回给url
        JLabel label = new JLabel("tubiao");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("lyf.jpg");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        //图标可以放在按钮或标签上
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();  
    }
}

2.3面板

  • 面板布局
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public JPanelDemo(){
        this.setBounds(150,100,400,300);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2,10,10));

        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3,2,2));
        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,2,2,2));
        JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1,2,2));
        JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,3,2,2));
        panel1.add(new Button("1.1"));
        panel1.add(new Button("1.2"));
        panel1.add(new Button("1.3"));
        panel2.add(new Button("2.1"));
        panel2.add(new Button("2.2"));
        panel2.add(new Button("2.3"));
        panel2.add(new Button("2.4"));
        panel3.add(new Button("3.1"));
        panel3.add(new Button("3.2"));
        panel4.add(new Button("4.1"));
        panel4.add(new Button("4.2"));
        panel4.add(new Button("4.3"));
        panel4.add(new Button("4.4"));
        panel4.add(new Button("4.5"));
        panel4.add(new Button("4.6"));

        container.add(panel1);
        container.add(panel2);
        container.add(panel3);
        container.add(panel4);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}
  • 文本域
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea("input", 20,50);
        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);
        this.setBounds(150,100,400,300);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

2.4按钮

  • 图标按钮
public class JButtonImageDemo extends JFrame {
    public JButtonImageDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将图片变成图标,获取图片资源,将对象赋给图标
        URL resource = JButtonImageDemo.class.getResource("lyf.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
        //在按钮上设置图标
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        container.add(button);

        setBounds(100,200,400,300);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonImageDemo();
    }
}
  • 单选按钮与多选按钮
public class JButtonSingleMore extends JFrame {
    public JButtonSingleMore() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 10, 10));
        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,1,3,3));
        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3,3,3));

        //单选按钮JRadioButton
        JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("1.1");
        JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("1.2");
        JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("1.3");
        //在单选框中只能选一个,使用按钮分组
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(radioButton1);
        group.add(radioButton2);
        group.add(radioButton3);
        panel1.add(radioButton1);
        panel1.add(radioButton2);
        panel1.add(radioButton3);
        container.add(panel1);

        //多选按钮
        JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("2.1");
        JCheckBox checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("2.2");
        JCheckBox checkBox3 = new JCheckBox("2.3");
        panel2.add(checkBox1);
        panel2.add(checkBox2);
        panel2.add(checkBox3);
        container.add(panel2);

        setBounds(100,200,400,300);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

2.5列表

public DownBoxDemo() {
    Container container = this.getContentPane();
    container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 10, 10));
    JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,1,3,3));
    JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2,3,3));

    //下拉框
    JComboBox box = new JComboBox();
    box.addItem("AAA");//第一个可以是null
    box.addItem("BBB");
    box.addItem("CCC");
    box.addItem("SSS");
    panel1.add(box);
    container.add(panel1);

    //列表框
    //动态数组生成列表的内容
    Vector vector = new Vector();
    vector.add("aaaaa");
    vector.add("bbbbb");
    vector.add("ccccc");
    //将vector放入列表JList
    JList jList = new JList(vector);
    container.add(jList);

    setBounds(100,200,400,300);
    setVisible(true);
    setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}

2.6文本框

public TextBoxDemo() {
    Container container = this.getContentPane();
    container.setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 1, 10, 10));
    JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,2,3,3));
    JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,2,3,3));
    JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,2,3,3));

    //文本框
    JTextField textField = new JTextField("lalalalala");
    panel1.add(textField);

    //文本域
    JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea("input", 20,50);
    //Scroll面板
    JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
    panel2.add(scrollPane);

    //密码框
    JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();
    panel3.add(passwordField);

    container.add(panel1);
    container.add(panel2);
    container.add(panel3);

    setBounds(100,200,400,300);
    setVisible(true);
    setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
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