Codeforces Round #587 (Div. 3)E2. Numerical Sequence (hard version)(二分/分段打表)

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最新推荐文章于 2020-02-21 21:17:15 发布

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E2. Numerical Sequence (hard version)

题意：

一串数 $112123123412345\dots$ ;
显有 $q (500)$ 个询问，每个询问一个 $k (1 e 18)$ ,求该串数第 $k$ 位是什么数字。

题解1(二分)：

分析一下这串数，设 $s s u m [i]$ 为该数到达 $i$ 的长度, $s u m [i]$ 为第 $i$ 个数那一块的长度， $\sum sum[i]=ssum[i]$ ,发现 $10^i,10^{i+1})$ 的数长度均为 $i + 1$ ,那么在这一段中 $s u m [i]$ 都是一个等差数列，而计算 $s s u m [i]$ 就可以分为两块计算，在 $10^i$ 之前后之后， $10^i$ 之前前面应该就可以处理出来，考虑 $10^i$ 之后的情况,不妨设 $l=sum[10^i-1],cnt=x-10^i+1$ ,所以 $ssum[x]=ssum[10^i-1]+l*cnt+cnt*(cnt+1)/2*(i+1)$ 。
然后就好做了，两次二分就好了，第一次二分找到最大的 $i$ 使 $s s u m [i] < k$ ,那么解就在第 $i + 1$ 块中, $k - = s s u m [i]$ ；第二次二分找到最大的 $i$ 使 $s u m [i] < k$ ,那么解就在数 $i + 1$ 中, $k - = s u m [i]$ 。最后数 $i + 1$ 的第 $k$ 位就是答案。

代码：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
ll q,k;
ll getsl(int x,int opt){
    ll sum=0,add=0,pw=1,len=0,cnt;
    while(1){
        pw*=10;len++;
        if(x>pw-1){
            cnt=pw-pw/10;
            sum+=add*cnt+cnt*(cnt+1)/2*len;
            add+=cnt*len;
        }else{
            cnt=x-pw/10+1;
            sum+=add*cnt+cnt*(cnt+1)/2*len;
            add+=cnt*len;
            break;
        }
    }
    return opt?sum:add;
}
int main(){
  //  freopen("tt.in","r",stdin),freopen("tt.out","w",stdout);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(0),cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0);
    cin>>q;
    while(q--){
        cin>>k;
        int l=0,r=1e9,ans,mid;
        while(l<=r){
            mid=l+r>>1;
            if(getsl(mid,1)<k)ans=mid,l=mid+1;
            else r=mid-1;
        }
        k-=getsl(ans,1);
        l=0,r=ans+1;
        while(l<=r){
            mid=(l+r)>>1;
            if(getsl(mid,0)<k)ans=mid,l=mid+1;
            else r=mid-1;
        }
        k-=getsl(ans,0);
        ans+=1;
        int t=ans,len=0;
        while(t)t/=10,len++;
        int rk=len-k+1;
        while(rk!=1)ans/=10,rk--;
        cout<<ans%10<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

题解二(无脑分段打表)

以 $N = 483000$ 为一段，把 $sum[i],ssum[i](1\leq i\leq1000)$ 的表打出来，然后二分找到那一段，直接循环就好。

代码(打表)：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
ll q,k;
ll sum[10009],ssum[10009];
const int N=483000;
int main(){
    freopen("tt.in","r",stdin),freopen("tt.out","w",stdout);
    sum[0]=ssum[0]=0;
    for(int i=1;i<=1000;i++){
        ll he=sum[i-1],she=ssum[i-1];
        for(int j=(i-1)*N+1;j<=i*N;j++){
            int kk=j,len=0;
            while(kk)kk/=10,len++;
            he+=len;she+=he;
        }
        sum[i]=he,ssum[i]=she;
    }
    //cout<<ssum[1000]<<endl;
    cout<<"ll sum[1009]={";
    for(int i=0;i<=1000;i++)if(i<1000)cout<<sum[i]<<",";else cout<<sum[i];
    cout<<"};\n";
    cout<<"ll ssum[1009]={";
    for(int i=0;i<=1000;i++)if(i<1000)cout<<ssum[i]<<",";else cout<<ssum[i];
    cout<<"};\n";
    return 0;
}

代码(提交)

#pragma GCC optimize(2)
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
ll q,k;
const int N=483000;
ll sum[1009]={0,2786895,5684895,9031896,12412896,15793896,19174896,22555896,25936896,29317896,32698896,36079896,39460896,42841896,46222896,49603896,52984896,56365896,59746896,63127896,66508896,70032897,73896897,77760897,81624897,85488897,89352897,93216897,97080897,100944897,104808897,108672897,112536897,116400897,120264897,124128897,127992897,131856897,135720897,139584897,143448897,147312897,151176897,155040897,158904897,162768897,166632897,170496897,174360897,178224897,182088897,185952897,189816897,193680897,197544897,201408897,205272897,209136897,213000897,216864897,220728897,224592897,228456897,232320897,236184897,240048897,243912897,247776897,251640897,255504897,259368897,263232897,267096897,270960897,274824897,278688897,282552897,286416897,290280897,294144897,298008897,301872897,305736897,309600897,313464897,317328897,321192897,325056897,328920897,332784897,336648897,340512897,344376897,348240897,352104897,355968897,359832897,363696897,367560897,371424897,375288897,379152897,383016897,386880897,390744897,394608897,398472897,402336897,406200897,410064897,413928897,417792897,421656897,425520897,429384897,433248897,437112897,440976897,444840897,448704897,452568897,456432897,460296897,464160897,468024897,471888897,475752897,479616897,483480897,487344897,491208897,495072897,498936897,502800897,506664897,510528897,514392897,518256897,522120897,525984897,529848897,533712897,537576897,541440897,545304897,549168897,553032897,556896897,560760897,564624897,568488897,572352897,576216897,580080897,583944897,587808897,591672897,595536897,599400897,603264897,607128897,610992897,614856897,618720897,622584897,626448897,630312897,634176897,638040897,641904897,645768897,649632897,653496897,657360897,661224897,665088897,668952897,672816897,676680897,680544897,684408897,688272897,692136897,696000897,699864897,703728897,707592897,711456897,715320897,719184897,723048897,726912897,730776897,734640897,738504897,742368897,746232897,750096897,753960897,757824897,761688897,765552897,769416897,773280897,777144897,781008897,784872897,788736897,793064898,797411898,801758898,806105898,810452898,814799898,819146898,823493898,827840898,832187898,836534898,840881898,845228898,849575898,853922898,858269898,862616898,866963898,871310898,875657898,880004898,884351898,888698898,893045898,897392898,901739898,906086898,910433898,914780898,919127898,923474898,927821898,932168898,936515898,940862898,945209898,949556898,953903898,958250898,962597898,966944898,971291898,975638898,979985898,984332898,988679898,993026898,997373898,1001720898,1006067898,1010414898,1014761898,1019108898,1023455898,1027802898,1032149898,1036496898,1040843898,1045190898,1049537898,1053884898,1058231898,1062578898,1066925898,1071272898,1075619898,1079966898,1084313898,1088660898,1093007898,1097354898,1101701898,1106048898,1110395898,1114742898,1119089898,1123436898,1127783898,1132130898,1136477898,1140824898,1145171898,1149518898,1153865898,1158212898,1162559898,1166906898,1171253898,1175600898,1179947898,1184294898,1188641898,1192988898,1197335898,1201682898,1206029898,1210376898,1214723898,1219070898,1223417898,1227764898,1232111898,1236458898,1240805898,1245152898,1249499898,1253846898,1258193898,1262540898,1266887898,1271234898,1275581898,1279928898,1284275898,1288622898,1292969898,1297316898,1301663898,1306010898,1310357898,1314704898,1319051898,1323398898,1327745898,1332092898,1336439898,1340786898,1345133898,1349480898,1353827898,1358174898,1362521898,1366868898,1371215898,1375562898,1379909898,1384256898,1388603898,1392950898,1397297898,1401644898,1405991898,1410338898,1414685898,1419032898,1423379898,1427726898,1432073898,1436420898,1440767898,1445114898,1449461898,1453808898,1458155898,1462502898,1466849898,1471196898,1475543898,1479890898,1484237898,1488584898,1492931898,1497278898,1501625898,1505972898,1510319898,1514666898,1519013898,1523360898,1527707898,1532054898,1536401898,1540748898,1545095898,1549442898,1553789898,1558136898,1562483898,1566830898,1571177898,1575524898,1579871898,1584218898,1588565898,1592912898,1597259898,1601606898,1605953898,1610300898,1614647898,1618994898,1623341898,1627688898,1632035898,1636382898,1640729898,1645076898,1649423898,1653770898,1658117898,1662464898,1666811898,1671158898,1675505898,1679852898,1684199898,1688546898,1692893898,1697240898,1701587898,1705934898,1710281898,1714628898,1718975898,1723322898,1727669898,1732016898,1736363898,1740710898,1745057898,1749404898,1753751898,1758098898,1762445898,1766792898,1771139898,1775486898,1779833898,1784180898,1788527898,1792874898,1797221898,1801568898,1805915898,1810262898,1814609898,1818956898,1823303898,1827650898,1831997898,1836344898,1840691898,1845038898,1849385898,1853732898,1858079898,1862426898,1866773898,1871120898,1875467898,1879814898,1884161898,1888508898,1892855898,1897202898,1901549898,1905896898,1910243898,1914590898,1918937898,1923284898,1927631898,1931978898,1936325898,1940672898,1945019898,1949366898,1953713898,1958060898,1962407898,1966754898,1971101898,1975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ll 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int bb[19]={0,0,10,100,1000,10000,100000,1000000,10000000,100000000,1000000000};
int main(){
    //freopen("tt.in","r",stdin),freopen("t1.out","w",stdout);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(0),cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0);
    cin>>q;
    while(q--){
        cin>>k;
        int x=lower_bound(ssum+1,ssum+1001,k)-ssum;
        k-=ssum[x-1];ll he=sum[x-1];
        for(int i=(x-1)*N+1;i<=x*N;i++){
            int j=i,len=0;
            //while(j)j/=10,len++;
            len=upper_bound(bb+1,bb+10,i)-bb-1;
            he+=len;
            if(k<=he){
                int y=lower_bound(sum+1,sum+1001,k)-sum;
                k-=sum[y-1];
                for(int j=(y-1)*N+1;j<=i;j++){
                    int kk=j,len=0;
                    //while(kk)kk/=10,len++;
                    len=upper_bound(bb+1,bb+10,j)-bb-1;
                    if(k<=len){
                        int rk=len-k+1;
                        kk=j;
                        while(rk!=1)kk/=10,rk--;
                        cout<<kk%10<<endl;
                        break;
                    }else k-=len;
                }
                break;
            }else k-=he;
        }
    }
}