JavaWeb文件上传和下载

1.前端支持

​ 前端的form表单必须multipart-formdata复杂类型的表单，必须是POST请求

<form action="/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">    
     请选择:<input name="file" type="file"/><br>    <input type="submit" value="上传"/></form>

2.文件上传使用原生Servlet

​ 使用HttpServletRequest接收上传文件，Servlet3.0

package cn.yu.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.MultipartConfig;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Part;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.UUID;

@WebServlet(value = "/upload")
@MultipartConfig
public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1.获得上传路径
        String uploadPath = req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload/");
        // 2.创建路径
        File path = new File(uploadPath);
        if (!path.exists()) path.mkdirs();
        //3.接收表单数据
        Collection<Part> parts = req.getParts();
        File upload = null;
        BufferedInputStream in = null;
        BufferedOutputStream out = null;
        byte[] bs = null;
        int len = 0;
        for (Part part : parts){
            // 如果内容类型不是null 那么就是文件
            if (part.getContentType() != null){
                // 获得文件名
                String fileName = part.getSubmittedFileName();
                // 生成UUID
                String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
                fileName = uuid + "_" + fileName;
                // 创建上传的文件
                upload = new File(uploadPath+fileName);
                upload.createNewFile();
                // 获取输入流
                in = new BufferedInputStream(part.getInputStream());
                bs = new byte[2048];
                // 定义输出流
                out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(upload));
                // 写入文件
                while ((len = in.read(bs)) != -1){
                    out.write(bs,0,len);
                    out.flush();
                }
                in.close();
                out.close();
            }
        }
        resp.sendRedirect("/success.html");
    }
    
}

​ PS:在使用Part这个对象的时候，需要配置@MultipartConfig注解

3.文件下载HtppServletResponse

​ 使用HttpServletResponse对象，响应客户端的文件下载请求

package cn.yu.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;

@WebServlet(value = "/download")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1.获取文件上传目录的路径
        String path = req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload/");
        // 2.获取文件名
        String filename = req.getParameter("filename");
        // 3.定义输入流和输出流
        BufferedOutputStream out = null;
        BufferedInputStream in = null;
        File download = new File(path + filename);
        // 4.获得文件
        in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(download));
        // 5.设置响应头
        resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename=" + filename);
        resp.setContentLengthLong(download.length());
        // 6.向客户端输出文件
        out = new BufferedOutputStream(resp.getOutputStream());
        byte[] bs = new byte[2048];
        int len = -1;
        while ((len = in.read(bs)) != -1){
            out.write(bs,0,len);
            out.flush();
        }
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }
}

​ 注意:响应头必须是Content-disposition:attachment;filename=filename

4.使用ServletFileUpload接收上传文件

package cn.yu.servlet1;

import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

@WebServlet(value = "/upload1")
public class UploadServlet1 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1.获取上传路径
        String uploadPath = req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload/");
        // 2.创建路径
        File path = new File(uploadPath);
        if(!path.exists()) path.mkdirs();
        // 3.创建磁盘文件项工厂对象
        DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
        // 4.创建文件上传的servlet
        ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
        File ufile = null;
        BufferedOutputStream out = null;
        try {
            // 5.解析上传的文件的请求 获取表单项文件项的集合
            List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(req);
            // 6.遍历集合
            for (FileItem item: items){
                // 7.判断是否为普通表单项
                if (item.isFormField()){
                }else {
                    byte[] bs = new byte[2048];
                    int len = -1;
                    //8. 获取文件名
                    String fileName = item.getName();
                    String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
                    fileName = uuid + "_" + fileName;
                    ufile = new File(uploadPath + fileName);
                    // 获取文件的输入流
                    InputStream in = item.getInputStream();
                    // 创建输出流
                    out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(ufile));
                    while ((len = in.read(bs)) != -1){
                        out.write(bs,0,len);
                        out.flush();
                    }
                    in.close();
                    out.close();
                    bs = null;
                }
            }
            resp.sendRedirect("/success.html");
        } catch (FileUploadException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

在使用FileUploadServlet的时候需要提供apache的Commons-fileupload包

<dependency>
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.3</version>
    </dependency>

5.使用Commons-IO简化IO操作

Maven依赖

<dependency>
      <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
      <version>2.6</version>
</dependency>

文件上传

package cn.yu.servlet1;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.MultipartConfig;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Part;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.UUID;

@WebServlet(value = "/upload2")
@MultipartConfig
public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1.获取文件上传的路径
        String uploadPath = req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload/");
        // 2.创建路径
        File path = new File(uploadPath);
        if (! path.exists()) path.mkdirs();
        // 3.定义文件输出流
        BufferedOutputStream out = null;
        // 4.获取表单项
        Collection<Part> parts = req.getParts();
        // 5.遍历表单项
        for (Part part : parts){
            // 判断是否为文件项
            if (part.getContentType() != null){
                // 获取文件名
                String fileName = part.getSubmittedFileName();
                String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
                fileName = uuid + "_" + fileName;
                // 获取文件输入流
                InputStream in = part.getInputStream();
                // 创建文件的输出流
                out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(uploadPath + fileName));
                IOUtils.copy(in,out);
                in.close();
                out.close();
            }
        }
        resp.sendRedirect("/success.html");
    }
}

文件下载

package cn.yu.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;

@WebServlet(value = "/download")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1.获取文件上传目录的路径
        String path = req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload/");
        // 2.获取文件名
        String filename = req.getParameter("filename");
        // 3.定义输入流和输出流
        BufferedOutputStream out = null;
        BufferedInputStream in = null;
        File download = new File(path + filename);
        // 4.获得文件
        in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(download));
        // 5.设置响应头
        resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename=" + filename.substring(filename.indexOf("_")));
        resp.setContentLengthLong(download.length());
        // 6.向客户端输出文件
        out = new BufferedOutputStream(resp.getOutputStream());
        org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils.copy(in,out);
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }
}