springmvc-工作流程及环境搭建

springmvc工作流程

1. 客户端发送请求到DispatcherServlet前端控制器
2. DispatcherServlet前端控制器收到请求调用处理器映射器HandlerMapping
3. 处理器映射器HandlerMapping找到具体的Handler返回给DispatcherServlet前端控制器
4. DispatcherServlet前端控制器调用处理器适配器HandlerAdapter
5. 处理器适配器HandlerAdapter执行具体的Handler
6. Handler执行完后返回ModelAndView
7. 处理器适配器HandlerAdapter将ModelAndView返回给DispatcherServlet前端控制器
8. DispatcherServlet前端控制器调用视图解析器ViewResolver进行视图解析
9. 视图解析器ViewResolver返回view
10. DispatcherServlet前端控制器渲染视图
11. DispatcherServlet前端控制器响应客户端

搭建springmvc环境

通过maven导入所需要的jar包

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--spring-web-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--spring-webmvc-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--servlet-api-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--jsp-api-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--jackson-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.8</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.8</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

编写web.xml

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <!--让DispatcherServlet加载springmvc.xml配置文件-->
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--服务器一启动就创建DispatcherServlet对象-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!--解决中文乱码过滤器-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

编写springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--开启注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lb"/>

    <!--配置视图解析器-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--前端控制器，那些静态资源不拦截
            location：表示webapp目录下的包下的所有文件
            mapping：表示以静态资源开头的所有请求路径，如：/css/**,/js/**
    -->
    <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/"/>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/"/>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/images/**" location="/images/"/>

    <!--开启springmvc框架注解的支持-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

</beans>