类与对象（二）

6）类的初始化顺序
构造方法，静态块，静态变量，实例块，实例变量
初始化顺序：静态变量→静态块→实例变量→实例块→构造方法
static{
a = 10; //只能初始化静态变量
}
7）单例模式
○1

package src2;
import java.util.*;
public class TestDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        src2.People P1 = src2.People.getInstance();
        src2.People P2 = src2.People.getInstance();
        System.out.println(P1 == P2);
    }
}

package src2;
//慢加载单例模式
import java.util.*;
public class People {
    private String name;
    private static People p;
    private People(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    public static People getInstance(String name){
        if(p == null){
            p = new People(name); 
        }
        return p;
    }
}
○2
package src2;
import java.util.*;
public class TestDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        src2.People P1 = src2.People.getInstance();
        src2.People P2 = src2.People.getInstance();
        System.out.println(P1 == P2);
    }
}

package src2;
//快加载单例模式
import java.util.*;
public class People {
    private String name;
    private static People p = new People();//类的加载过程
    private People(){
    }
    public static People getInstance(){
        return p;
    }
}

8）基本数据类型的包装类
int Integer char Character
short Short long Long
byte Byte boolean Boolean
隐式装箱：Integer a = 10;//Integer.valueOf(10);
显示装箱：Integer a = Integer.valueOf(10);
拆箱：Integer a = Integer.valueOf(10);
int b = a;//隐式拆箱
int b = a.intValue();//显示拆箱
9）
遇到字符串常量，先在常量池里找，找到返回常量在堆中的地址，否则，向常量池添加字符串常量，返回该地址。
常量+常量->优化 变量+常量->不优化
String StringBuilder StringBuffer（适合多线程环境，控制线程同步）
+拼接 .append();//拼接 .append
效率：
○1

String str = " ";
for(int i = 0;i < 10000;i++){
    str += " ";
}
//效率低
+ => new StringBuilder();
     append(" ");
○2
StringBuilder sstr = new StringBuilder();
sstr.append(" ");
for(int i = 0;i < 10000;i++){
   sstr.append(" ");
}