SpringBoot 异步任务 EnableAsync

1. 应用场景

• 处理log
• 发送邮件、短信

2. 使用步骤

• 在启动类加注解@EnableAsync开启支持
• 定义异步任务类，添加@Component注解
• 异步类中的异步方法加@Async。注意@Async加在类上表示类中所有方法都是异步方法

如:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
public class DempProjectApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(DempProjectApplication.class, args);
	}

}

@Component
public class CustomAsyncTask {
    
    @Async
    public void task1() throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("task1");
        Thread.sleep(2000L);
    }
    @Async
    public void task2() throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("task2");
        Thread.sleep(2000L);

    }
}


@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/v1/pub/demo")
public class DemoController {

    @Autowired
    private CustomAsyncTask task;

    @GetMapping("/task")
    public JsonData testTask(){
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("testTask begin ");

        task.task1();

        task.task2();

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("testTask end"); // 如果不是异步任务，这里应当花费至少4000ms
        return JsonData.buildSuccess("spend " + (end - start));
    }
}

测试

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class MockMvcTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void testTask() throws Exception {
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders
                .get("/api/v1/pub/demo/task"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andReturn();

        MockHttpServletResponse resp = mvcResult.getResponse();
        String rst = resp.getContentAsString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
        System.out.println(rst);//{"code":0,"msg":null,"data":"spend 6"}
    }


}

3. 异步任务使用Future获取结果

注意点：

• 要把异步任务封装到类里面，不能直接写到Controller
• 增加Future 返回结果 AsyncResult(“task执行完成”);
• 如果需要拿到结果 需要判断全部的 task.isDone()

如:

@Component
public class CustomAsyncTask {

    @GetMapping("/future")
    public JsonData testTaskFuture() {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Future<String> task3 = task.task3();
        Future<String> task4 = task.task4();

        while (true){
            if(task3.isDone() && task4.isDone()){
                try {
                    System.out.println(task3.get());
                    System.out.println(task4.get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        //正常情况下，这里花费的时间应该至少是4000ms,
        //但是task3和task4是异步执行的，虽然get()时会阻塞，但这里最多花费一个任务(以耗时最长的那个为准)的时间
        return JsonData.buildSuccess("spend " + (end - start));
    }


}

测试：

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class MockMvcTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void testFuture() throws Exception {
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders
                .get("/api/v1/pub/demo/future"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andReturn();

        MockHttpServletResponse resp = mvcResult.getResponse();
        String rst = resp.getContentAsString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
        System.out.println(rst);//{"code":0,"msg":null,"data":"spend 2018"}
    }

}