python基础——列表推导式
1 列表推导式定义
列表推导式能非常简洁的构造一个新列表:只用一条简洁的表达式即可对得到的元素进行转换变形
2 列表推导式语法
基本格式如下:
[expr for value in collection if condition]
过滤条件可有可无,取决于实际应用,只留下表达式
列表推导式例子:
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2
|
l
=
[
"egg%s"
%
i
for
i
in
range
(
10
)]
print
(l)
|
类似于这段for代码:
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2
3
4
|
egg_list
=
[]
for
i
in
range
(
10
):
egg_list.append(
"egg%s"
%
i)
print
(egg_list)
|
列表推导式还可以加更多的if判断for循环
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3
4
|
l
=
[
'egg%s'
%
i
for
i
in
range
(
1
,
101
)]
l
=
[
'egg%s'
%
i
for
i
in
range
(
1
,
101
)
if
i >
50
]
l
=
[
'egg%s'
%
i
for
i
in
range
(
1
,
101
)
if
i >
50
if
i<
60
]
print
(l)
|
3 列表推导式优点
方便,改变了编程习惯,属于声明式编程
举例:
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3
4
|
l
=
[
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
]
s
=
"hello"
l1
=
[(num,i)
for
num
in
l
for
i
in
s]
print
(l1)
|
输出结果为:
1
|
[(
1
,
'h'
), (
1
,
'e'
), (
1
,
'l'
), (
1
,
'l'
), (
1
,
'o'
), (
2
,
'h'
), (
2
,
'e'
), (
2
,
'l'
), (
2
,
'l'
), <br>(
2
,
'o'
), (
3
,
'h'
), (
3
,
'e'
), (
3
,
'l'
), (
3
,
'l'
), (
3
,
'o'
), (
4
,
'h'
), (
4
,
'e'
), (
4
,
'l'
), <br>(
4
,
'l'
), (
4
,
'o'
)]
|
这个列表推导式相当于:
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3
4
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6
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8
|
l
=
[
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
]
s
=
"hello"
l1
=
[]
for
num
in
l:
for
i
in
s:
t
=
(num,i)
l1.append(t)
print
(l1)
|
4 列表表达式例子
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7
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|
import
os
g
=
os.walk(
"C:\python_fullstack_wen\day24\wen"
)
file_path_list
=
[]
for
i
in
g:
for
j
in
i[
-
1
]:
file_path_list.append(
"%s\\%s"
%
(i[
0
],j))
print
(file_path_list)
g
=
os.walk(
"C:\python_fullstack_wen\day24\wen"
)
file_path_list
=
[
"%s\\%s"
%
(i[
0
],j)
for
i
in
g
for
j
in
i[
-
1
]]
print
(file_path_list)
|
输出结果:
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[
'C:\\python_fullstack_wen\\day24\\wen\\yan1.txt'
,
'C:\\python_fullstack_wen\\day24\\wen\\wen1<br>\\yan1.txt'
,
'C:\\python_fullstack_wen\\day24\\wen\\wen1\\jie1\\yan1.txt'
, <br>
'C:\\python_fullstack_wen\\day24\\wen\\wen1\\yan1\\yan1.txt'
, <br>
'C:\\python_fullstack_wen\\day24\\wen\\wen2\\yan2.txt'
]
[
'C:\\python_fullstack_wen\\day24\\wen\\yan1.txt'
,
'C:\\python_fullstack_wen\\day24\\wen\\wen1\\yan1.txt'
,
'C:\\python_fullstack_wen\\day24\\wen\\wen1\\jie1\\yan1.txt'
,
'C:\\python_fullstack_wen\\day24\\wen\\wen1\\yan1\\yan1.txt'
,
'C:\\python_fullstack_wen\\day24\\wen\\wen2\\yan2.txt'
]
|