python入门笔记（数据操作）

#1、Python不用定义数据类型，会根据赋值自动转换数据类型，例如：
str_string = "中国人"#则str自动为string类型数据
int_int = 342
float_float=100.2
#2、Python查询数据类型
print(type(str_string))
print(type(int_int))

print(type(float_float))

#数据转换
string="123"
intt=124
floatt=123.4
int_type=int(string)
string_type=str(intt)
print(type(int_type))

print(type(string_type))

#数据计算
j=2
y=3
h=j+y
jian=y-j
c=j*y
chu=j/y
ercimi=j**y#二次幂2的3次方等于8

print(ercimi)

#list数据
months=[]#定义list类型
print(type(months))
months.append("1月")#向list中添加数据
months.append(2)
months.append(21.02)
months.append(22.02)
months.append(23.02)
months.append(24.02)
print(months)
#list索引取值
index=months[0]
print(index)
index1=months[1]
print(index1)
index2=months[2]
print(index2)
#查询list数据长度
length=len(months)
print(length)
#查询list最后一个值
lastindex=months[length-1]
print(lastindex)
#查询list中的某一段连续值
list_duan=months[2:4]#第三个和第四个值
print(list_duan)
#从某个元素开始取后面所有的值
six=months[3:]#第三个以及以后的所有值

print(six)

#for循环
counts=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
for count in counts:
    print(count)
#while循环
i=0
while i<3:
    i+=1
    print(i)
#for循环另一种写法
for i in range(10):
    print(i)
#循环list of list
months=[["我","是","中","国","人"],[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]]
for month in months:
    for i in month:
        print(i)

    

#bool变量值
bool_bool=True
print(type(bool_bool))
print(8==8)
print(8==10)
print(8!=10)

print(["中","国"]==["国","中"])

#判断if语句
i=30
j=5
if (i<j):
    print(j)
else:

    print(i)

#在list中寻找某个元素
months=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
if 1 in months:

    print("Get it !")

#字典结构
scores={}#key value,定义字典结构
print(type(scores))
scores["A"]=0
scores["B"]=1
scores["C"]=2
scores["D"]=3
scores["E"]=4
scores["F"]=5
print(scores.keys())
print(scores)
print(scores["B"])#B的值为1
#判断元素是否在字典里
students={"A":0,"B":1,"C":2}
print("B" in students)#判断B是否在字典里


#判断元素在字典中出现了几次
frult=["A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","B"]
frult_counts={}
for item in frult:
    if item in frult_counts:
        frult_counts[item]=frult_counts[item]+1
    else:
        frult_counts[item]=1

print(frult_counts)            

#文件操作
f=open("test.txt","r")#打开文档
g=f.read()#读取文档
print(g)#操作文档
f.close()#关闭文档
#写文件
f=open("write_txt.txt","w")
f.write("我")
f.write("是")
f.write("中")
f.write("国")
f.write("人")
f.write("\n")#换行
f.write("12345")

f.close()

#csv文件操作
r_data=[]
f=open("test.csv","r")
data=f.read()
rows=data.split("\n")
for row in rows:
    split_row=row.split(",")
    r_data.append(split_row)
print(r_data)
#显示第几列
name=[]
for row in r_data:
    name.append(row[0])
print (name)

f.close()

#定义函数
def printhello():
    print("hello!")
printhello()


def printnum():
    for i in range(0,4):
        print(i)
        return
printnum()


def add(a,b):
    return(a-b)
print(add(5,3))