用php写一个简单的mvc框架

xiaominuo

已于 2023-04-23 09:01:32 修改

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分类专栏： php javascript smarty 文章标签： php mvc 开发语言

于 2023-02-15 18:27:36 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40923390/article/details/129048032

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文章介绍了如何搭建一个基础的MVC框架，包括创建入口文件public/index.php，定义环境变量和错误级别；Application类用于读取配置，解析路由，注册自动加载函数；Controller类集成Smarty模板引擎；Database类处理数据库连接和查询；Model类提供数据操作方法。整个框架实现了请求处理、路由解析和数据库交互的基本流程。

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简单的mvc框架

1.建立入口文件public/index.php

代码不用解释，就是new个类接下来去继续处理，TZD_ENV定义下环境，可灵活决定错误提示级别。

<?php
defined('TZD_ENV') or define('TZD_ENV', 'dev');
define("ROOT_PATH", str_replace("\\", "/", dirname(__DIR__)) . "/");
require(ROOT_PATH . '/core/Application.php');

$application = new \core\Application();
$application->start();

2.建立Application文件core/Application.php

代码如下，读取配置信息、定义常量、解析路由、注册自动加载函数。
主要这个spl_autoload_register函数作用了解下

<?php

namespace core;

class Application
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        if (TZD_ENV == "prod") {
            error_reporting(E_ERROR);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 执行路由
     */
    private static function getDispatch()
    {
        $controller = "\\" . P . "\\controller\\" . C . "Controller";
        $action = A;
        $object = new $controller;
        $object->$action();
    }

    /**
     * 解析路由,public/index.php?r=admin/student/student
     */
    private static function getRoute()
    {
        $route = $_REQUEST["r"];
        $route = explode('/', $route);
        define("P", $route[0] ?? "home");
        define("C", ucfirst($route[1]) ?? "Index");
        define("A", $route[2] ?? "index");
    }

    /**
     * 自动加载
     */
    private static function getAutoLoad()
    {
        spl_autoload_register([__CLASS__, "setAutoLoadFile"]);
    }

    private static function setAutoLoadFile($class)
    {
        $class = basename($class);
        $class = str_replace('\\', '/', $class);
        $coreFile = ROOT_PATH . $class . ".php";
        if (file_exists($coreFile)) {
            include $coreFile;
        }

        $controllerFile = APP_PATH . $class . ".php";
        if (file_exists($controllerFile)) {
            include $controllerFile;
        }

        $modelFile = APP_PATH . P . "/model/" . $class . ".php";
        if (file_exists($modelFile)) {
            include "$modelFile";
        }

        $vendorFile = VENDOR_PATH . $class . ".php";
        if (file_exists($vendorFile)) {
            include $vendorFile;
        }
    }
    
    public static function start()
    {
        global $config;
        $config = include ROOT_PATH . "/config/database.php";
        define("CORE_PATH", ROOT_PATH . "core/");
        define("APP_PATH", ROOT_PATH . "app/");
        define("CONFIG_PATH", ROOT_PATH . "config/");
        define("VENDOR_PATH", ROOT_PATH . "vendor/");
        define("RESOURCES_PATH", ROOT_PATH . "resources/");
        self::getRoute();
        self::getAutoLoad();
        self::getDispatch();
    }
}

3.下面写控制器的父类，加入smarty模版引擎core/Controller.php

<?php

namespace core;
class Controller{

    protected $smarty;

    public function __construct(){

        include VENDOR_PATH . "smarty/Smarty.class.php";
        $this->smarty = new \Smarty();
        $this->smarty->template_dir = APP_PATH . P . "/view/";
        $this->smarty->compile_dir = RESOURCES_PATH . "views";
    }

    protected function assign($name, $value = ""){

        $this->smarty->assign($name, $value);
    }

    protected function display($template = ""){

        try {

            $this->smarty->display($template);
        }
        catch (\SmartyException | \Exception $e){

            echo $e->getMessage();
        }
    }
}

4.接着继续写数据库类core/database.php

<?php
namespace core;

use PDO;
use PDOException;

class Database{

    protected $pdo;

    public function __construct($databaseInfo = array()){

        $type = $databaseInfo["type"] ?? "mysql";
        $host = $databaseInfo["host"] ?? "localhost";
        $port = $databaseInfo["port"] ?? "3306";
        $user = $databaseInfo["user"] ?? "root";
        $password = $databaseInfo["password"] ?? "";
        $dbName = $databaseInfo["dbName"] ?? "";
        $charset = $databaseInfo["charset"] ?? "utf8";

        try{

            $dsn = $type . ":host=" . $host . ";port=" . $port . ";dbname=" . $dbName . ";charset=" . $charset;
            $this->pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $password);
        }
        catch (PDOException $e){

            echo "数据库连接失败!<br/>";
            echo "错误文件为：" . $e->getFile() . "<br/>";
            echo "错误行号为：" . $e->getLine() . "<br/>";
            echo "错误描述为：" . $e->getMessage();
            exit;
        }
    }

    public function daoQuery($sql): array{

        try{

            $stmt = $this->pdo->query($sql);
            return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
        }
        catch (PDOException $e){

            $this->dataException(e);
        }
    }

    public function daoExec($sql){

        try{

            return $this->pdo->exec($sql);
        }
        catch (PDOException $e){

            $this->dataException($e);
        }
    }

    private function dataException($e){

        echo "SQL执行错误!<br/>";
        echo "错误文件为：" . $e->getFile() . "<br/>";
        echo "错误行号为：" . $e->getLine() . "<br/>";
        echo "错误描述为：" . $e->getMessage();
        exit;
    }

}

5.接着写模型父类core/model.php

<?php

namespace core;

class Model{

    protected $dao;
    protected $tableName;
    protected $fields;

    public function __construct(){

        global $config;
        $this->dao = new Database($config["database"]);
        $this->getFields();
    }

    protected function getFields(){

        $sql = "DESC {$this->tableName}";
        $rows = $this->query($sql);
        foreach($rows as $row){

            $this->fields[] = $row["Field"];
            if($row["Key"] == "PRI"){

                $this->fields["Key"] = $row["Field"];
            }
        }
    }

    protected function query($sql): array{

        return $this->dao->daoQuery($sql);
    }

    protected function exec($sql){

        return $this->dao->daoExec($sql);
    }

    public function autoInsert($data){

        $keys = $values = "";
        foreach($this->fields as $k => $v) {

            if($k == "Key")
                continue;

            if(array_key_exists($v, $data)){

                $keys .= $v . ",";
                $values .= "'" . $data[$v] . "'.";
            }
        }

        $keys = rtrim($keys, ",");
        $values = rtrim($values, ",");
        $sql = "insert into{$this->tableName}({$keys}) values({$values})";
        return $this->exec($sql);
    }

    public function deleteById($id){

        if(!isset($this->fields["Key"])){

            return false;
        }

        $sql = "delete from {$this->tableName} where {$this->fields["Key"]} = '{$id}'";
        return $this->exec($sql);
    }

    public function autoUpdate($id, $data){

        $where = " where {$this->fields['Key']} = '{$id}'";
        $sql = "update {$this->tableName} set";
        foreach ($data as $Key => $value){

            $sql .= $Key . "='" . $value . "',";
        }

        $sql = rtrim($sql, ",") . $where;
        return $this->exec($sql);
    }

    public function getById($id){

        if(!isset($this->fields["Key"])){

            return false;
        }

        $sql = "select * from {$this->tableName} where {$this->fields['Key']} = '{$id}'";
        return $this->query($sql);
    }
}

6.配置数据库文件core/database.php

<?php
    return array(
        "database" => array(
            "type" => "mysql",
            "host" => "localhost",
            "port" => "3306",
            "user" => "root",
            "password" => "it1995",
            "charset" => "utf8",
            "dbName" => "TZD215",
        )
    );
?>