Spring通过任务执行器(TaskExecutor)来实现多线程和并发编程。使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor可实现一个基于线程池的TaskExecutor。而实际开发中任务一般是非阻碍的,即异步的,所以我们要在配置类中通过@EnableAsycn开启对异步任务的支持,并通过在实际执行的Bean的方法中使用@Async注解来声明其是一个异步任务。
3.2.2 示例
(1)配置类。
package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch3.taskexecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch3.taskexecutor")
@EnableAsync //利用@EnableAsync注解开启异步任务支持。
public class TaskExecutorConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor() { //配置类实现AsyncConfigurer接口并重写getAsyncExecutor方法,并返回一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor,这样我们就获得了一个基于线程池TaskExecutor。
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(5);
taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(25);
taskExecutor.initialize();
return taskExecutor;
}
@Override
public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
}
(2)任务执行类。
package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch3.taskexecutor;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class AsyncTaskService {
@Async //通过注解表明该方法是个异步方法,如果注解在类级别,则表明该类所有的方法都是异步方法,而这里的方法自动被注入使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor作为TaskExecutor。
public void excuteAsyncTask(Integer i){
System.out.println("执行异步任务:"+i);
}
@Async
public void executeAsyncTaskPlus(Integer i){
System.out.println("执行异步任务+1:"+(i+1));
}
}
(3)运行。
package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch3.taskexecutor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TaskExecutorConfig.class);
AsyncTaskService asyncTaskService = context.getBean(AsyncTaskService.class);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
asyncTaskService.excuteAsyncTask(i);
asyncTaskService.executeAsyncTaskPlus(i);
}
context.close();
}
}
结果是并发执行而不是顺序执行的。