Spring Boot实战（四）Spring MVC基础 4.2 Spring MVC项目快速搭建

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-14 08:55:13 发布

qq_3642489

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-14 08:55:13 发布

阅读量450

点赞数

分类专栏： Spring Boot 实战

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40929047/article/details/86444592

版权

Spring Boot 实战专栏收录该内容

55 篇文章 23 订阅

订阅专栏

Spring MVC提供了一个DispatcherServlet来开发Web应用。在Servlet2.5及以下的时候只要在web.xml下配置<servlet>元素即可。但我们在本节将使用Servlet3.0+无web.xml的配置。
下面我们将基于Maven搭建零配置的Spring MVC原型项目，开发工具相关的内容这里将不再提及。
4.2.2示例
1.构建Maven项目
pom.xml内容：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.wisely</groupId>
  <artifactId>highlight_springmvc4</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  
  <properties>
  		<!-- Generic properties -->
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<!-- Web -->
		<jsp.version>2.2</jsp.version>
		<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
		<servlet.version>3.1.0</servlet.version>
		<!-- Spring -->
		<spring-framework.version>4.1.5.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>
		<!-- Logging -->
		<logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
		<slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version>
  </properties>
	
  <dependencies>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>javax</groupId>
		<artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId>
		<version>7.0</version>
		<scope>provided</scope>
	</dependency>
	
	<!-- Spring MVC -->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
		<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
	</dependency>
	
	<!-- 其它Web依赖 -->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
		<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
		<version>${jstl.version}</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
		<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
		<version>${servlet.version}</version>
		<scope>provided</scope>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
		<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
		<version>${jsp.version}</version>
		<scope>provided</scope>
	</dependency>
	
	<!-- Spring and Transactions -->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
		<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
	</dependency>
	
	<!-- 使用SLF4J 和LogBack 作为日志 -->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
		<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
		<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>log4j</groupId>
		<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
		<version>1.2.16</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
		<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
		<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
		<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
		<version>${logback.version}</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
		<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
		<version>${logback.version}</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
		<artifactId>logback-access</artifactId>
		<version>${logback.version}</version>
	</dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <plugins>
    	<plugin>
    		<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    		<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    		<version>2.3.2</version>
    		<configuration>
    			<source>${java.version}</source>
    			<target>${java.version}</target>
    		</configuration>
    	</plugin>
    	<plugin>
    		<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    		<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
    		<version>2.3</version>
    		<configuration>
    			<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
    		</configuration>
    	</plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

2.日志配置
在src/main/resources目录下，新建logback.xml用来配置日志，内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="1 seconds">
	<contextListener class="ch.qos.logback.classic.jul.LevelChangePropagator">
		<resetJUL>true</resetJUL>
	</contextListener>
	
	<jmxConfigurator/>
	<appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
		<encoder>
			<pattern>logbak: %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
		</encoder>
	</appender>
		<logger name="org.springframework.web" level="DEBUG"/>  <!-- 将org.springframework.web包下的类的日志级别设置为DEBUG，我们开发Spring MVC经常出现和参数类型相关的4XX错误，设置此项我们会看到更详细的错误信息 -->
		<root level="info">
			<appender-ref ref="console"/>
		</root>
</configuration>

3.演示页面
在 src/main/resources下建立views目录，并在此目录下新建index.jsp，内容如下：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE unspecified PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<pre>
		Welcome to Spring MVC world
	</pre>
</body>
</html>

Spring MVC 配置

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan("com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4")
public class MyMvcConfig {
	
	public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){
		InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
		viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/classes/views/");
		viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
		viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
		return viewResolver;
	}
}

代码解释：前缀为什么配置为/WEB-INF/classes/views/？我们开发的目录不一致？因为看到的页面效果是运行时而不是开发时的代码，运行时代码会将我们的页面自动编译到Tomcat内的/WEB-INF/classes/views/下，如下图
在这里插入图片描述

5.Web配置

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration.Dynamic;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer { //Spring提供用来配置Servlet3.0+配置的接口，从而实现 了替代web.xml的位置。实现此接口将会自动被SpringServletContainerInitializer(用来启动Servlet3.0容器）获取到。

	@Override
	public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
		AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
		ctx.register(MyMvcConfig.class);
		ctx.setServletContext(servletContext); //新建WebAppplicationContext，注册配置类，并将其和当前servletContext关联。
		
		Dynamic servlet = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(ctx));//注册Spring MVC的DispatcherServlet
		servlet.addMapping("/");
		servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
		
	}

}

6.简单控制器

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4.web;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller   //声明是一个控制器
public class HelloController {
	@RequestMapping("/index")  //配置URL和方法之间的映射
	public String hello(){
		
		return "index";  //通过上面ViewResolver的Bean配置，返回值为index，说明我们的页面入放置的路径为/WEB-INF/classes/views/index.jsp
	}
}

7.运行
将程序部署到Tomcat中，启动Tomcat，并访问http://localhost:8080/highlight_springmvc4/index 如图
在这里插入图片描述