JPA的查询语言是面向对象而非面向数据库的,它以面向对象的自然语法构造查询语句,可以看成是Hibernate HQL的等价物
1.导入依赖
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</project.hibernate.version>
</properties>
<!-- hibernate对jpa的支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
<version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Mysql and MariaDB -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
2.配置persistence.xml文件,文件需要放在resource META-INF下
3.在实体类上使用JPA注解的形式配置映射关系
4.基本使用
//1.加载配置文件创建工厂(实体管理器工厂) 对象
EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("myJpa");
//2.通过实体管理器工厂创建实体管理器对象
EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();
//3.开启事务
EntityTransaction transaction = em.getTransaction();
transaction.begin();
//创建实体类
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("涛");
student.setBirthday(LocalDateTime.now());
//保存
em.persist(student);
//提交
transaction.commit();
//释放资源
em.close();
factory.close();
/*
EntityManager 对象:实体类管理器
beginTransaction:开启事务
persist:保存
merge:更新
remove:删除
find/getReference
find 立即加载
getReference 延迟加载 获取的对象是一个代理对象,当调用查询结果集对象的时候,才会发送sql语句
*/
5.–>jpql查询
* sql查询的是表和表中的字段
* jpql:查询的是实体类和类中的属性
* jpql 和sql语句的语法类似
//倒叙查询 jpql不支持 select * ,所以直接from 实体类即可
String jpql = "from Student order by id desc";
EntityManager entityManager = JPAUtils.getEntityManager();
Query query = entityManager.createQuery(jpql);
List resultList = query.getResultList();
resultList.forEach(item -> System.out.println(item));
//查询统计函数
String jpql = "select count(id) from Student";
EntityManager entityManager = JPAUtils.getEntityManager();
Query query = entityManager.createQuery(jpql);
//使用getSingleResult
Object firstResult = query.getSingleResult();
//分页查询
String jpql = "from Student";
EntityManager entityManager = JPAUtils.getEntityManager();
Query query = entityManager.createQuery(jpql);
//对参数复制
//从0开始
query.setFirstResult(0);
//每页显示的函数
query.setMaxResults(1);
List resultList = query.getResultList();
//条件查询
//jpql也支持占位符
String jpql = "from Student where name like ?";
EntityManager entityManager = JPAUtils.getEntityManager();
Query query = entityManager.createQuery(jpql);
//对占位符参数复制
query.setParameter(1, "何" + "%");
List resultList = query.getResultList();
resultList.forEach(item -> System.out.println(item));