简介
- 本文将在 Spring 框架中,分别使用使用“XML”,“XML+注释”和“注解+Java”三种方式来演示数据库的转账操作。
项目环境
数据库代码
- 创建数据库spring,在数据库中创建 Account表。
# 创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE spring;
# 使用数据库
USE spring;
# 创建表
CREATE TABLE account(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
NAME VARCHAR(40),
money FLOAT
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
# 插入数据
INSERT INTO account(NAME,money) VALUES('Cat',1000);
INSERT INTO account(NAME,money) VALUES('Dog',1000);
INSERT INTO account(NAME,money) VALUES('Rat',1000);
Maven依赖
pom.xml
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring 框架 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring AOP -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring JDBC框架 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring 事务管理 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL数据库驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 【被 Spring JDBC 代替】 -->
<!-- 数据库连接池 -->
<!-- <dependency>-->
<!-- <groupId>c3p0</groupId>-->
<!-- <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>-->
<!-- <version>0.9.1.2</version>-->
<!-- </dependency>-->
<!-- 【被 Spring JDBC 代替】 -->
<!-- 操作数据库的工具包 -->
<!-- <dependency>-->
<!-- <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>-->
<!-- <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>-->
<!-- <version>1.4</version>-->
<!-- </dependency>-->
<!-- Spring 测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
Spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
</beans>
实体类
Account.java
public class Account {
/* 成员变量 */
private int id;
private String name;
private float money;
/* 构造函数 */
public Account() {
}
public Account(int id, String name, float money) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.money = money;
}
/* 设值函数 */
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public float getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(float money) {
this.money = money;
}
/* toString方法 */
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", money=" + money +
'}';
}
}
持久层接口
AccountDao.java
public interface AccountDao {
/** 查询所有 */
List<Account> findAll();
/** 查询单个 */
Account findByID(int id);
/** 添加 */
void add(Account account);
/** 修改 */
void update(Account account);
/** 删除 */
void delete(int id);
}
业务层接口
AccountService.java
public interface AccountService {
/** 转账 */
void transfer(int sourceId, int targetId, float money);
}
测试类
junit
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import xml.service.AccountService;
public class SpringTest {
/* 成员变量 */
private ApplicationContext app;
private AccountService service;
@Before
public void init(){
app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("xml/Beans.xml");
service = app.getBean("serviceImp",AccountService.class);
}
/** 转账 */
@Test
public void test01() {
service.transfer(1,2,10f);
}
}
Spring整合junit
import java_anno.config.SpringConfiguration;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import java_anno.service.AccountService;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfiguration.class)
public class SpringTest {
/* 成员变量 */
@Autowired
private AccountService service;
/** 查询所有 */
@Test
public void test01() {
service.transfer(1,2,10f);
}
}
基于XML配置文件
此部分分为三部分
- 目录结构:帮助了解整个项目的基本结构,以及完整详细的代码。
- 依赖注入:此部分是本文着重比较的地方,单独分为一部分。
- CURD操作:与Spring框架的核心内容关系不大,可作为延展内容。
目录结构
- src
- main
- java
- service
- AccountServiceImp.java(业务层实现类)
- dao
- AccountDaoImp.java(持久层实习类)
- service
- resources
- Beans.xml(Spring配置文件)
- java
- main
持久层实现类
- 操作数据库
- 继承 JdbcDaoSupport
- 注入 DataSource
AccountDaoImp.java
package xml.dao;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import xml.domain.Account;
import java.util.List;
public class AccountDaoImp extends JdbcDaoSupport implements AccountDao {
/** 查询所有 */
public List<Account> findAll() {
return super.getJdbcTemplate().query(
/* SQL语句 */
"SELECT * FROM account ",
/* 结果集 */
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
}
/** 查询单个 */
public Account findByID(int id) {
return super.getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(
/* SQL语句 */
"SELECT * FROM account WHERE id = ? ",
/* 结果集 */
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),
id);
}
/** 添加 */
public void add(Account account) {
super.getJdbcTemplate().update(
/* SQL语句 */
"INSERT INTO account VALUES(?,?,?)",
/* 参数 */
account.getId(),
account.getName(),
account.getMoney());
}
/** 修改 */
public void update(Account account) {
super.getJdbcTemplate().update(
/* SQL语句 */
" UPDATE account SET name=?,money=? WHERE id=? ",
/* 参数 */
account.getName(),
account.getMoney(),
account.getId());
}
/** 删除 */
public void delete(int id) {
super.getJdbcTemplate().update(
/* SQL语句 */
" DELETE FROM account WHERE id=? ",
/* 参数 */
id);
}
}
业务层实现类
- 调用持久层方法
- 基于xml的方式注入
AccountServiceImp.java
package xml.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import xml.dao.AccountDao;
import xml.domain.Account;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
public class AccountServiceImp implements AccountService {
/* 成员变量 */
private AccountDao dao;
/* 设值函数 */
public void setDao(AccountDao dao) {
this.dao = dao;
}
/** 转账 */
public void transfer(int sourceId, int targetId, float money) {
Account source = dao.findByID(sourceId);
Account target = dao.findByID(targetId);
Float sourceMoney = source.getMoney();
Float targetMoney = target.getMoney();
source.setMoney(sourceMoney - money);
dao.update(source);
// int i = 10/0;
target.setMoney(targetMoney + money);
dao.update(target);
}
}
配置文件
- 依赖注入
- 开启事务管理
- AOP
- TransactionManager
Beans.xml
<!-- DataSource -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</bean>
<!-- DaoImp -->
<bean id="daoImp" class="xml.dao.AccountDaoImp">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- ServiceImp -->
<bean id="serviceImp" class="xml.service.AccountServiceImp">
<property name="dao" ref="daoImp"/>
</bean>
<!-- DataSourceTransactionManager -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- AOP -->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="all" expression="execution(* xml.service.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="all"/>
</aop:config>
<!-- tx -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false"/>
<tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
基于XML配置文件和注解
目录结构
- src
- main
- java
- service
- AccountServiceImp.java(业务层实现类)
- dao
- AccountDaoImp.java(持久层实习类)
- service
- resources
- Beans.xml(Spring配置文件)
- java
- main
持久层实现类
- 操作数据库
- 注入 JdbcTemplate
AccountDaoImp.java
package xml_anno.dao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import xml_anno.domain.Account;
import java.util.List;
@Repository
public class AccountDaoImp implements AccountDao {
/* 成员变量 */
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
/** 查询所有 */
public List<Account> findAll() {
return jdbcTemplate.query(
/* SQL语句 */
"SELECT * FROM account ",
/* 结果集 */
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
}
/** 查询单个 */
public Account findByID(int id) {
return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(
/* SQL语句 */
"SELECT * FROM account WHERE id = ? ",
/* 结果集 */
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),
id);
}
/** 添加 */
public void add(Account account) {
jdbcTemplate.update(
/* SQL语句 */
"INSERT INTO account VALUES(?,?,?)",
/* 参数 */
account.getId(),
account.getName(),
account.getMoney());
}
/** 修改 */
public void update(Account account) {
jdbcTemplate.update(
/* SQL语句 */
" UPDATE account SET name=?,money=? WHERE id=? ",
/* 参数 */
account.getName(),
account.getMoney(),
account.getId());
}
/** 删除 */
public void delete(int id) {
jdbcTemplate.update(
/* SQL语句 */
" DELETE FROM account WHERE id=? ",
/* 参数 */
id);
}
}
业务层实现类
- 调用持久层方法
- 基于注解的方式注入
- 开启事务支持
- 基于注解的方式
AccountServiceImp.java
package xml_anno.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import xml_anno.domain.Account;
import xml_anno.dao.AccountDao;
@Service
/** 事务支持(查询方法) */
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.SUPPORTS, readOnly = true)
public class AccountServiceImp implements AccountService {
/* 成员变量 */
@Autowired
private AccountDao dao;
/** 转账 */
/** 事务支持(增删改方法) */
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly = false)
public void transfer(int sourceId, int targetId, float money) {
Account source = dao.findByID(sourceId);
Account target = dao.findByID(targetId);
Float sourceMoney = source.getMoney();
Float targetMoney = target.getMoney();
source.setMoney(sourceMoney - money);
dao.update(source);
int i = 10/0;
target.setMoney(targetMoney + money);
dao.update(target);
}
}
配置文件
- 依赖注入
- 开启注解扫描
Beans.xml
<!-- DataSource -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</bean>
<!-- JdbcTemplate -->
<bean id="jdbc" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="xml_anno"></context:component-scan>
基于Java配置文件和注解
目录结构
- src
- main
- java
- service
- AccountServiceImp.java(业务层实现类)
- dao
- AccountDaoImp.java(持久层实习类)
- config
- SpringConfiguration.java(Java配置文件)
- JdbcConfig.java(Java配置文件)
- TransactionConfig.java(Java配置文件)
- service
- java
- main
持久层实现类
AccountDaoImp.java
package java_anno.dao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import xml_anno.dao.AccountDao;
import xml_anno.domain.Account;
import java.util.List;
@Component
public class AccountDaoImp implements AccountDao {
/* 成员变量 */
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
/** 查询所有 */
public List<Account> findAll() {
return jdbcTemplate.query(
/* SQL语句 */
"SELECT * FROM account ",
/* 结果集 */
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
}
/** 查询单个 */
public Account findByID(int id) {
return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(
/* SQL语句 */
"SELECT * FROM account WHERE id = ? ",
/* 结果集 */
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),
id);
}
/** 添加 */
public void add(Account account) {
jdbcTemplate.update(
/* SQL语句 */
"INSERT INTO account VALUES(?,?,?)",
/* 参数 */
account.getId(),
account.getName(),
account.getMoney());
}
/** 修改 */
public void update(Account account) {
jdbcTemplate.update(
/* SQL语句 */
" UPDATE account SET name=?,money=? WHERE id=? ",
/* 参数 */
account.getName(),
account.getMoney(),
account.getId());
}
/** 删除 */
public void delete(int id) {
jdbcTemplate.update(
/* SQL语句 */
" DELETE FROM account WHERE id=? ",
/* 参数 */
id);
}
}
业务层实现类
AccountServiceImp.java
package java_anno.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import xml_anno.dao.AccountDao;
import xml_anno.domain.Account;
@Component
public class AccountServiceImp implements AccountService {
/* 成员变量 */
@Autowired
private AccountDao dao;
/** 转账 */
/** 事务支持(增删改方法) */
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly = false)
public void transfer(int sourceId, int targetId, float money) {
xml_anno.domain.Account source = dao.findByID(sourceId);
Account target = dao.findByID(targetId);
Float sourceMoney = source.getMoney();
Float targetMoney = target.getMoney();
source.setMoney(sourceMoney - money);
dao.update(source);
// int i = 10/0;
target.setMoney(targetMoney + money);
dao.update(target);
}
}
数据库连接工具类
jdbcConfig.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
Spring配置文件
SpringConfiguration.java
package java_anno.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
/** 指定配置文件 */
@Configuration
/** 开启注解扫描 */
@ComponentScan("java_anno")
/** 指定property文件 */
@PropertySource("classpath:java_anno/jdbcConfig.properties")
/** 设置子文件 */
@Import({JdbcConfig.class,TransactionConfig.class})
/** 开启事务管理器 */
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class SpringConfiguration {
}
数据库连接配置文件
JdbcConfig.java
package java_anno.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Driver;
public class JdbcConfig {
/** 数据库连接参数 */
@Value("${jdbc.driver}")
private String driver;
@Value("${jdbc.url}")
private String url;
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String password;
/** DataSource */
@Bean(name = "dataSource")
public DataSource getDataSource(){
DriverManagerDataSource driverManagerDataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
driverManagerDataSource.setDriverClassName(driver);
driverManagerDataSource.setUrl(url);
driverManagerDataSource.setUsername(username);
driverManagerDataSource.setPassword(password);
return driverManagerDataSource;
}
/** JdbcTemplate */
@Bean(name = "jdbc")
public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource){
return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
}
事务管理配置文件
TransactionConfig.java
package java_anno.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
public class TransactionConfig {
/** TransactionManager */
@Bean(name = "transactionManager")
public PlatformTransactionManager getTransactionManager(DataSource dataSource){
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
}
}