Spring Cloud Ribbon

SpringCloud组件：Eureka服务消费者与Ribbon负载均衡

现在已经构建了服务注册中心和服务提供中心，下面就来构建服务消费者：
服务消费者主要完成：发现服务和消费服务。其中服务的发现主要由Eureka的客户端完成，而消费的任务由Ribbon完成。
Ribbon是一个基于HTTP和TCP的客户端负载均衡器，它可以通过客户端中配置ribbonServerList服务端列表去轮询访问以达到负载均衡的作用。当Ribbon和Eureka联合使用时，Ribbon的服务实例清单RibbonServerList会被DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList
重写，扩展成从Eureka注册中心获取服务端列表。同时它也会用NIWSDiscoveryPing来取代Ping，通过Eureka来确定服务端是否已经启动。

构建项目

我们只需要创建一个服务节点项目即可，因为服务提供者也是消费者，然后将本项目注册到之前编写的服务注册中心。
我们使用idea开发工具创建一个空的Maven项目，删除src目录

服务注册中心：Eureka-Server

在父工程下再创建一个SpringBoot工程，实现服务注册中心功能。

• pom

<properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

• application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server
server:
  port: 8000
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:${server.port}/eureka/
    fetch-registry: false
    register-with-eureka: false
  server:
    enable-self-preservation: false

enable-self-preservation: false关闭EurekaServer自我保护机制

服务提供者：Eureka-Client

在父工程下创建两个SpringBoot工程，实现服务提供者功能

• pom
  两个Client的pom文件一致

<properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

• application.yml
  Client1的application.yml

      spring:
        application:
          name: eureka-client
      server:
        port: 8001
      eureka:
        client:
          service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka/
  

  Client2的application.yml

  spring:
    application:
      name: eureka-client
  server:
    port: 8002
  eureka:
    client:
      service-url:
        defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka/
  

  两个Eureka-Client的spring.application.name必须一致，否则不能实现负载均衡
• IndexController
  在XxxApplication同级目录下创建controller包，再创建IndexContrller，内容如下：

package com.eureka.client1.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/index")
public class IndexController {
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public String logic() {
        return "Client1:8001 { Hello World }";
    }
}

@RestController：此控制器返回内容全部为字符串，相当于在每个方法上加了一个@ResponseBody

服务消费者：Eureka-Consumer

在空Maven项目创建一个SpringBoot工程，过程与创建SpringBoot项目一致，对应的选择spring-boot-starter-web、spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon、spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client三个依赖，pom.xml配置文件如下所示：

• pom

<!--省略部分POM内容-->
<properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
<!--省略-->

• application.yml
  将application.properties改为application.yml，内容如下：

#服务名
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-consumer
#端口号
server:
  port: 8003
#将此服务注册到那个EurekaServer
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka/

每个“:”字符后需要空一格

• XxxApplicaiton
  修改SpringBoot启动类，内容如下：

package com.eurekaconsumer.eurekaconsumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class EurekaconsumerApplication {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaconsumerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

• 创建IndexController
  先在XxxApplication同级目录创建controller包，再创建IndexController类，内容如下：

package com.eurekaconsumer.eurekaconsumer.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
public class IndexController {

    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/logic")
    public String index() {
        return restTemplate.getForEntity("http://EUREKA-CLIENT/index/test",String.class).getBody();
    }
}

运行测试

流程如下：

1. 启动服务注册中心
2. 启动所有Springboot子工程
3. 访问lcaolhost:8003/logic/

• Eureka-Server
  
• 负载均衡效果图