ServletContext

ServletContext

web容器在启动的时候，它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表了当前的web应用；

1、共享数据

• 先写一个servlet实现类HelloServlet，给他一个servletContext容器，去存放一些数据

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username="你好，汤姆！";

        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();//获取到一个容器
        //这个setAttribute方法就将一个值保存在了ServletContext容器中，名字为：Username，值为username="你好，汤姆！"
        //然后再去写一个Servlet实现类去获取到它
        context.setAttribute("Username",username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

• 再写一个servlet实现类GetServlet，同样也给他一个servletContext容器，去获取到上面容器中存放的数据

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("Username");

        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//设置编码和格式
        resp.getWriter().print("-->>>"+username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

• 然后最后一步，要去web.xml文件中去配置两个类的映射

<!--HelloServlet映射-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.liu.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <!--GetServlet映射-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getcon</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.liu.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getcon</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getcon</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

• 测试运行

直接去请求GetServlet，发现返回一个null
所以这里先要去请求HelloServlet存放数据，才能够去获取数据
这样就ok了

2、获取初始化参数

• 配置一些初始化参数

<!--配置一些web应用初始化参数-->
<context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
</context-param>

• Servlet实现类去获得初始化参数

public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");//获得初始化参数
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

• web.xml中去配置一下这个类的映射

<!--Demo03映射-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>sd3</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.liu.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>sd3</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/url</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>`

• 测试运行

3、请求转发

• 1、还是先写一个servlet实现类

public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        //请求转发，将/url页面上的内容转发到当前页面上
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/url");
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

• 2、web.xml中去配置该类的映射

<!--Demo04映射-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.liu.servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/sd4</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    

• 3、测试运行
  

• 可以看到这里我们访问的路径是/sd4，显示的是转发过来的/url的内容

4、读取资源文件

• 先写一个文件放在maven-web项目的resources文件夹下

#文件内容
username=root
password=123456

但是在web项目下我们无法直接去读取这个文件，要看在服务器启动后，这个文件会被加载到target文件夹下的哪个位置

• 2、启动服务器
  

可以看到，该文件被放到了项目下的"/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties",这时候我们就可以去读取这个文件了

• 3、新建一个Servlet实现类

public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();//获取到一个ServletContext容器
        InputStream resourceAsStream = servletContext.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");//将文件路径生成一个流
        Properties properties = new Properties();//新建一个properties对象
        properties.load(resourceAsStream);//去加载这个流
        String username = properties.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = properties.getProperty("password");
        resp.getWriter().print(username+":"+pwd);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

• 4、web.xml下去配置该类的映射

  <!--Demo05映射-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.liu.servlet.ServletDemo05</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/sd5</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

*5、重新启动服务器 🆗！