Java GUI编程

最新推荐文章于 2021-02-15 11:35:22 发布

cc今天也要加油鸭

最新推荐文章于 2021-02-15 11:35:22 发布

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分类专栏： Java基础文章标签： gui

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40996761/article/details/109607134

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GUI编程

主要学习一些组件的使用

包括：

窗口
弹窗
面板
文本框
列表框
按钮
图片
监听事件
鼠标
键盘事件

1. 简介

GUI的核心技术：Swing，AWT

没流行的原因：不美观，需要jre环境

作用：

写自己的小工具
维护swing界面
了解MVC架构，了解监听

2. AWT

2.1 概述

Abstract window toolkit

包含了很多类和接口，GUI（graphical user interface），图形用户界面
元素：窗口，按钮，文本框
java.awt

2.2 组件和容器

1. Frame框架

package com.chao.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //只有这个是看不见的，不可见
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");

        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);

        //设置颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(58, 16,89));

        //初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);

    }
}

进行了一些封装的

package com.chao.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.red);
        new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.green);
        new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.yellow);
        new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.blue);


    }

}
class MyFrame extends Frame {
    static int id = 0;

    public MyFrame(int x, int y, int w, int h, Color color) {
        super("Myframe"+(++id));
        setVisible(true);
        setSize(w,h);
        setLocation(x,y);
        setBackground(color);

    }
}

2. Panel面板

可以看成一个空间，但是不能单独存在

package com.chao.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //坐标和背景色
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,5));

        //面板的，相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(80, 26, 11));

        frame.add(panel);
        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

2.3 布局管理器

1. 流式布局

package com.chao.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

//        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));//默认值
//        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));//左对齐
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));//右对齐
        frame.setSize(200,200);

        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }

}

2. 边界布局（东西南北中）

package com.chao.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());

        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");


        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });


    }
}

3. 表格布局

package com.chao.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");

        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);

        frame.pack();//Java函数，自动选择最优秀的布局
        frame.setVisible(true);


    }
}

嵌套布局，绘制特定的图形

package com.chao.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestNew {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));

        p1.add(new Button("btn1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p1.add(new Button("btn2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p2.add(new Button("1"));
        p2.add(new Button("2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        p3.add(new Button("btn3"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p3.add(new Button("btn4"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        for(int i = 0; i<4;i++){
            p4.add(new Button("new"+(++i)));
        }
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);


        frame.add(p1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(p3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.pack();

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });


    }

}

2.4 事件监听

某个事件发生，进行一些处理

基础的按键监听

package com.chao.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestAction {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();

        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);

        windowClose(frame);

    }

    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

两个按钮同时的监听，多个按钮共享一个事件

package com.chao.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestActionTwo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮，实现同一个监听
        Frame frame = new Frame("stat-stop test");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");

        //如果不设置，默认就是标签名
        button2.setActionCommand("设置过了的stop");


        MyListener myListener = new MyListener();
        button1.addActionListener(myListener);
        button2.addActionListener(myListener);



        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.pack();
    }
}

class MyListener implements ActionListener {

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("msg=>" + e.getActionCommand());
    }
}

2.5 输入框监听

package com.chao.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestText {
    //main函数是入口，只有启动功能
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame();

    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框的文字
        TextListener textListener = new TextListener();
        //按下enter就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(textListener);

        //设置显示格式
        textField.setEchoChar('$');

        setVisible(true);
        pack();

    }


}

class TextListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField t = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得资源，返回值类型为Object
        System.out.println(t.getText());//获得输入框的文本
        t.setText("");//回车后变空
    }
}

2.6 简易计算器

面向对象编程的原则：组合，大于继承

class A{
    public B b;
}

1. 普通版

package com.chao.lesson03;

import javax.swing.text.html.InlineView;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calculator calculator = new Calculator();


    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    public Calculator()  {
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        //3个文本框
        TextField sum1 = new TextField(10);
        TextField sum2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField ret = new TextField(20);

        //1个按钮
        Button sign = new Button("=");
        sign.addActionListener(new MyCalcListener(sum1,sum2,ret));

        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        add(sum1);
        add(label);
        add(sum2);
        add(sign);
        add(ret);



        setVisible(true);
        pack();

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalcListener implements ActionListener{
    private TextField sum1,sum2,ret;

    public MyCalcListener(TextField sum1,TextField sum2,TextField ret) {
        this.sum1 =sum1;
        this.sum2 =sum2;
        this.ret =ret;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

        //1.获得两个数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(sum1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(sum2.getText());

        //2.执行加法操作
        ret.setText(""+(n1+n2));

        //3.清除前两个数
        sum1.setText("");
        sum2.setText("");

    }
}

2. 组合

package com.chao.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestCalc01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new Calculator01().load();

    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator01 extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField sum1,sum2,ret;

    //方法
    public void load(){
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        //3个文本框
        sum1 = new TextField(10);
        sum2 = new TextField(10);
        ret = new TextField(20);

        //1个按钮
        Button sign = new Button("=");
        sign.addActionListener(new MyCalcListener01(this));

        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        add(sum1);
        add(label);
        add(sum2);
        add(sign);
        add(ret);

        setVisible(true);
        pack();

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }

}

//监听器类
class MyCalcListener01 implements ActionListener{
    //获取计算器这个对象，在一个类中组合另一个类
    Calculator01 calculator01 = null;

    public MyCalcListener01(Calculator01 calculator01) {
        this.calculator01  = calculator01;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

        //1.获得两个数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator01.sum1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator01.sum2.getText());

        //2.执行加法操作
        calculator01.ret.setText(""+(n1+n2));

        //3.清除前两个数
        calculator01.sum1.setText("");
        calculator01.sum2.setText("");

    }
}

3. 内部类(还要练习)

面向对象，内部类的最大好处，就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部类的属性和方法。

package com.chao.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadCalc();
    }

}

class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;

    //方法
    public void loadCalc(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);

        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalListener());

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        setVisible(true);
        pack();

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

    class MyCalListener implements ActionListener{
        //此时就可以直接使用外部类的内容，代码更简洁
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1.获取两个数
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            //2.求和输出
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            //3.清除前两个
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");

        }
    }
}

2.7 画笔

package com.chao.GUI;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame {
    MyPaint(){
        setBounds(100,100,500,600);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
//        super.paint(g);
        //设置画笔颜色
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        //画空心圆
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        //换颜色
        g.setColor(Color.green);
        //填充圆
        g.fillOval(150,200,100,100);
        //画矩形
        g.fillRect(200,300,100,100);

        //画笔默认颜色是黑色，所以每次用完将它还原

    }
}

2.8 鼠标监听

目的：实现鼠标画画

package com.chao.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;


//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouse {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyMouse myMouse = new MyMouse("MyMouse-画图");
    }
}


//鼠标类
class MyMouse extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合来存储这些点
    ArrayList points;//存位置的

    public MyMouse(String title) {
        super(title);
        setBounds(100,100,400,300);

        //存鼠标的位置的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();
        //鼠标监听器，针对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
        setVisible(true);

        this.addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());

    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画，需要监听鼠标的事件（因为鼠标在哪画在哪
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point =(Point)iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.green);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }


    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);


    }

    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标的操作包括：按下，弹起，按住不动
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyMouse myMouse = (MyMouse) e.getSource();
            //点击的时候，产生一个点，画出来

            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            myMouse.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标都要重画一遍
            myMouse.repaint();//刷新
        }
    }
    private class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }

}

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

//测试鼠标监听
public class TestMouseListenter {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Paint("画图").loadMyPaint();
    }
}
class Paint extends Frame {
    private List<Point> pointList;
    private Paint cuttorPaint;
    public Paint(String title){
        super(title);
        cuttorPaint = this;
        pointList = new ArrayList<>();
    }
    public void loadMyPaint(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,800,600);
        addMouseListener(new MyMouseListenter());
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        Iterator<Point> iterator = pointList.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = iterator.next();
            //循环画列表的点坐标
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }
    private class MyMouseListenter extends MouseAdapter{
//        按下鼠标时触发
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            pointList.add(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
            //画笔重新画点
            cuttorPaint.repaint();
        }
    }
}

[https://blog.csdn.net/u011412779/article/details/106629686/?biz_id=102&utm_term=GUI%E7%8B%82%E7%A5%9E&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2_allsobaiduweb~default-0-106629686&spm=1018.2118.3001.4449]摘自以上

2.9 窗口监听

内部类

package com.chao.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyWindow();
    }
}

class MyWindow extends Frame{
    public MyWindow(){
        setBounds(100,100,400,300);
        setVisible(true);
        addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());

    }
    class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {

            setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口，使不可见
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
}

使用匿名内部类

package com.chao.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyWindow();
    }
}

class MyWindow extends Frame{
    public MyWindow(){
        setBounds(100,100,400,300);
        setVisible(true);
//        addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
        this.addWindowListener(
                //匿名内部类
                new WindowAdapter() {

                    //关闭
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("你点了x");
                        System.exit(0);
                    }
                    //激活
                    @Override
                    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                        MyWindow myWindow = (MyWindow)e.getSource();
                        myWindow.setTitle("被激活了");
                    }


                }
        );

    }
}

2.10 键盘监听

package com.chao.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKey {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyKey();
    }
}

class MyKey extends Frame {
    public MyKey(){
        setBounds(100,200,400,300);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(
                new KeyAdapter() {
                    @Override
                    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                        //获得键盘的键是哪一个，是当前的码
                        int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                        System.out.println(keyCode);
                        if(keyCode== KeyEvent.VK_W){
                            System.out.println("你按了w");
                        }
                    }
                }
        );

    }
}

3. Swing

3.1 JFrame 窗口

package com.chao.GUI.lesson02;

import sun.security.krb5.internal.tools.Kinit;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo {
    //init初始化
    public void init(){
        //顶级窗口
        JFrame jf= new JFrame("第一个JFrame窗口");
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setBounds(100,100,400,300);
        jf.setBackground(Color.green);//没有用，因为要使用容器，需要实例化

        //获得一个容器，不用容器设置不了颜色
        Container container = jf.getContentPane();//返回值是container
        container.setBackground(Color.green);

        //设置文字
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎来到新世界");
        jf.add(jLabel);
        //居中显示
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }
}

3.2 JDialog 弹窗

package com.chao.GUI.lesson02;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class JDialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public JDialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,400,300);
        //自动关闭
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);


        //容器，放东西
        Container container =this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局，使用x，y坐标
        container.setLayout(null);

        JButton jButton = new JButton("点击就弹窗");
        jButton.setBounds(30,30,100,100);
        container.add(jButton);
        jButton.addActionListener(
                new ActionListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                        new MyDialog();
                    }
                }
        );

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new JDialogDemo();
    }
}

class MyDialog extends JDialog{
    public MyDialog(){
        this.setTitle("第一个弹窗");
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);

        Container container =this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎来到王颖超的世界");
        jLabel.setBounds(20,20,200,100);
        container.add(jLabel);
    }

}

3.3 标签

JLabel

图标Icon

package com.chao.GUI.lesson02;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconTest extends JFrame {

    public ImageIconTest(){
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        //获取图片地址
        URL url = ImageIconTest.class.getResource("tp.jpg");

        //借助标签
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        jLabel.setIcon(imageIcon);
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(jLabel);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100,100,700,700);



    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconTest();

    }
}

3.4 面板

JPanel

package com.chao.GUI.lesson02;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }

    public JPanelDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,1));
        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
        JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,2));
        JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        
        Container container = getContentPane();
        //行数与列数必须设置，不然会出现格式错误
        //另外，当设置的行数与列数乘积大于面板数，会空出一些区域
        //当设置的行数与列数乘积小于面板数，会自动扩大区域
        //后两个参数是间距
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2,15,15));
        container.add(panel1);
        container.add(panel2);
        container.add(panel3);
        container.add(panel4);
    }

}

滑动JScroll

package com.chao.lesson03;

import com.sun.deploy.panel.ControlPanel;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollTest extends JFrame {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollTest();

    }

    public JScrollTest() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,400);

        Container container =this.getContentPane();

        JTextArea jtextArea = new JTextArea("你好呀",30,20);
        jtextArea.setText("我好了");
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jtextArea);
        container.add(jScrollPane);
    }
}

3.5 按钮

图片按钮

package com.chao.lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo01(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        Container container = getContentPane();

        //将图片变成图标
        URL url=JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("test.jpg");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);

        //把图标加到按钮上
        JButton jbutton = new JButton(imageIcon);
        container.add(jbutton);
        pack();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }

}

单选按钮

package com.chao.lesson03;

import javafx.scene.control.RadioButton;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo02(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //单选框JRadioButton
        Container container = getContentPane();
        JRadioButton jRadioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton1");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton2");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton3");

        //通过分组的形式实现单选框只能选择一个的操作
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton1);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton2);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton3);

        //设置位置
        container.add(jRadioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(jRadioButton2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        container.add(jRadioButton3,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        pack();

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();
    }
}

复选按钮

package com.chao.lesson03;

import javafx.scene.control.RadioButton;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo03(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //多选框
        Checkbox checkBox1 = new Checkbox("CheckBox1");
        Checkbox checkBox2 = new Checkbox("CheckBox2");

        Container container = getContentPane();

        container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(checkBox2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        pack();


    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }
}

3.6 列表

下拉框

package com.chao.lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JComboBoxDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JComboBoxDemo();

    }

    public JComboBoxDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        JComboBox option = new JComboBox();
        option.addItem("正在热映");
        option.addItem("已下线");
        option.addItem("即将上映");

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(option);
    }
}

列表框

package com.chao.lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class JBoxDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JBoxDemo();
    }

    public JBoxDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //这一行要往前放，不然容易第一次加载不出来内容
        Container container = getContentPane();

//        //生成列表的内容
//        String[] arr = {"1","2","3"};
//
//        //将内容放入列表
//        JList jList = new JList(arr);
        //也可以放Vector
        Vector content = new Vector();

        content.add("zhangsan");
        content.add("lisi");
        content.add("wangwu");
        content.remove("wangwu");
        JList jList = new JList(content);


        container.add(jList);

    }
}

应用场景

一些单个选项。少于两个用单选框，多于两个用下拉框
列表框用于展示一些信息，一般可以动态扩容（add,remove）

3.7 文本框

普通文本框

package com.chao.lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class JBoxDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JBoxDemo();
    }

    public JBoxDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //这一行要往前放，不然容易第一次加载不出来内容
        Container container = getContentPane();

//        //生成列表的内容
//        String[] arr = {"1","2","3"};
//
//        //将内容放入列表
//        JList jList = new JList(arr);
        //也可以放Vector
        Vector content = new Vector();

        content.add("zhangsan");
        content.add("lisi");
        content.add("wangwu");
        content.remove("wangwu");
        JList jList = new JList(content);


        container.add(jList);

    }
}

密码框

package com.chao.lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JTextDemo2 extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JTextDemo2();
    }

    public JTextDemo2(){
        Container container = getContentPane();

        JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();//默认使用·进行隐藏
        jPasswordField.setEchoChar('￥');//被钱迷惑了双眼

        container.add(jPasswordField);




        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }
}

文本域 JTextArea，讲JScroll时

ps：

HTML,Servlet，MVC

C/S:Client/Server，客户端和服务器

B/S:Browser/Server，浏览器和服务器

贪吃蛇

GamePage

package com.chao.GUI.snakegame;

import javax.swing.*;

public class GamePage extends JFrame {

    public void init(){

        //开始了解为什么要把设置可见性的这些代码放在最后，不然容易出现监听失败等问题，初始加载不全
        this.add(new GamePanel());


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(15,10,920,740);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setResizable(false);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new GamePage().init();
    }

}

GamePanel

package com.chao.GUI.snakegame;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Random;

public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {
    //定义蛇的数据结构
    int length;//蛇的长度
    int[] snakeX = new int[600];//x坐标
    int[] snakeY = new int[600];//y坐标
    String direction;//初始方向向右
    Boolean isStart;//记录游戏的状态
    Boolean isFail;//记录失败的状态
    int foodx;
    int foody;
    int score;
    Random random = new Random();

    //定时器，以ms为单位，表示没多少毫秒执行一次
    Timer timer = new Timer(100,this);

    //初始化蛇
    public void init(){
        length = 3;
        snakeX[0] = 100;snakeY[0]=100;//头部初始位置
        snakeX[1] = 75;snakeY[1]=100;//第一节身体初始位置
        snakeX[2] = 50;snakeY[2]=100;//第二节身体初始位置
        direction = "R";//默认向右
        isStart = false;//默认不开始
        isFail = false;//默认不失败
        score = 0;
        timer.start();//定时器开启

        //食物随机分布在界面
        foodx = 25 + 25 *random.nextInt(34);
        foody = 75 + 25 *random.nextInt(24);



    }
    public GamePanel(){
        init();
        //获得焦点和键盘事件
        this.setFocusable(true);//获得焦点事件
        this.addKeyListener(this);//获得键盘监听事件
    }



    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);//清屏

        this.setBackground(Color.WHITE);

        //绘制静态面板
        Data.header.paintIcon(this,g,25,11);//头部
        g.fillRect(25,75,850,600);//默认的游戏界面

        g.setColor(Color.white);
        //设置字体
        g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,16));
        g.drawString("长度" + length, 750, 35);
        g.drawString("分数" + score, 750, 50);

        //静态画法
//        //把小蛇画上去
//        Data.right.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头
//        Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[1],snakeY[1]);//第一个身体
//        Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[2],snakeY[2]);//第二个身体

        if(direction.equals("R")){
            Data.right.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头,需要判断方向
        }else if(direction.equals("L")){
            Data.left.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头,需要判断方向
        }else if(direction.equals("U")){
            Data.up.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头,需要判断方向
        }else if(direction.equals("D")){
            Data.down.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头,需要判断方向
        }
        for(int i = 1; i <length;i++){
            Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[i],snakeY[i]);//每一个身体
        }

        //画食物
        Data.food.paintIcon(this,g,foodx,foody);

        //游戏状态
        if(isStart == false){
            //设置白色
            g.setColor(Color.white);
            //设置字体
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));
            g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏！",300,300);
        }
        if(isFail){
            g.setColor(Color.red);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));
            g.drawString("失败，重新开始！",300,300);
        }
    }
    //按下键盘的操作
    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();

        if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){
            if(isFail){//重新开始
                isFail = false;
                init();
            }
            else{
                isStart = !isStart;
            }
            repaint();
        }

        //小蛇移动
        if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
            direction = "U";

        }else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN){
            direction = "D";

        }else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT){
            direction = "L";

        }else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT){
            direction = "R";

        }
    }

    //事件监听，通过固定时间来判断
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if(isStart && isFail ==false){//开始游戏则让小蛇动起来
            //吃食物
            if(foodx == snakeX[0] && foody == snakeY[0]){
                length++;//长度加一
                //分数加10
                score = score +10;
                //生成新的食物
                foodx = 25 + 25 *random.nextInt(34);
                foody = 75 + 25 *random.nextInt(24);

            }


            //移动，身体的变化恒定
            for(int i = length-1; i>0;i--){
                snakeX[i]=snakeX[i-1];//身体的下一位置为其右边的上一位置
                snakeY[i]=snakeY[i-1];
            }

            //方向
            if(direction.equals("R")){
                snakeX[0]=snakeX[0]+25;//蛇头
                //如果超出范围
                if(snakeX[0]>850){
                    snakeX[0]=25;
                }
            }else if(direction.equals("L")){
                snakeX[0]=snakeX[0]-25;//蛇头
                //如果超出范围
                if(snakeX[0]<25){
                    snakeX[0]=850;
                }
            }else if(direction.equals("U")){
                snakeY[0]=snakeY[0]-25;//蛇头
                //如果超出范围
                if(snakeY[0]<75){
                    snakeY[0]=650;
                }
            }else if(direction.equals("D")){
                snakeY[0]=snakeY[0]+25;//蛇头
                //如果超出范围
                if(snakeY[0]>650){
                    snakeY[0]=75;
                }
            }

            //失败判断，撞到自己
            for(int i = 1; i<length;i++){
                if(snakeX[0]==snakeX[i]&&snakeY[0]==snakeY[i]){
                    isFail = true;
                }
            }

            repaint();//重画
        }
            timer.start();//定时器开启

    }

    @Override
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {

    }

    @Override
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {

    }


}

Data

package com.chao.GUI.snakegame;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.net.URL;

//数据中心
public class Data {
    public static URL headerURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/header.png");
    public static ImageIcon header = new ImageIcon(headerURL);

    public static URL upURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/up.png");
    public static ImageIcon up = new ImageIcon(upURL);
    public static URL downURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/down.png");
    public static ImageIcon down = new ImageIcon(downURL);
    public static URL leftURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/left.png");
    public static ImageIcon left = new ImageIcon(leftURL);
    public static URL rightURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/right.png");
    public static ImageIcon right = new ImageIcon(rightURL);

    public static URL bodyURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/body.png");
    public static ImageIcon body = new ImageIcon(bodyURL);

    public static URL foodURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/food.png");
    public static ImageIcon food = new ImageIcon(foodURL);
}