select和poll的缺点:
(1)、每轮循环都要从用户空间往内核空间拷贝数据;
(2)、内核轮询,检测每个描述符有没有就绪事件,O(n);
(3)、I/O函数返回后,遍历每个描述符找到有事件就绪的描述符,O(n);
(select、poll)和(epoll)的区别:
(1)、select、poll每次循环都需要从用户空间向内核空间传递数据;
epoll直接在内核空间创建事件表,每个描述符只需要传递一次;
(2)、select、poll在内核中以轮询的方式检测就绪事件描述符;
epoll在每个描述符上注册回调函数,事件就绪后执行回调函数将描述符添加到就绪队列;
(3)、select、epoll返回后,需要遍历所有文件描述符,才能找到就绪的文件描述符;
epoll返回后,直接得到就绪描述符不需要遍历所有描述符;
epoll的两种模式:
(1)、LT模式(电平触发):描述符事件就绪后,如果用户没有处理完数据,epoll会一直提醒,直到处理完成;代码实现(epoll-LT.c)
(2)、ET模式(边沿触发):高效模式。描述符事件就绪后,无论用户有没有处理完数据,epoll都只会提醒一次,所以在处理时要获取完整数据,需要循环获取所有数据;代码实现(epoll-ET.c)
//epoll-LT.c
//I/O复用:epoll() LT模式
//LT模式:描述符时间就绪后,如果用户没有处理完数据,epoll会反复提醒,直到处理完成
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#define MAXFD 10
int create_socket();
void epoll_add(int epfd,int fd)
{
struct epoll_event ev;
ev.events = EPOLLIN; //LT模式
ev.data.fd = fd;
if( epoll_ctl(epfd,EPOLL_CTL_ADD,fd,&ev) == -1 )
{
perror("epoll_ctl error");
}
}
void epoll_del(int epfd,int fd)
{
if( epoll_ctl(epfd,EPOLL_CTL_DEL,fd,NULL) == -1 )
{
perror("epoll del erreo");
}
}
int main()
{
int sockfd = create_socket();
assert(sockfd != -1);
int epfd = epoll_create(MAXFD);
assert(epfd != -1);
epoll_add(epfd,sockfd);
struct epoll_event events[MAXFD];
while (1)
{
int n = epoll_wait(epfd,events,MAXFD,5000);
if( n == -1 )
{
perror("epoll error");
}
else if(n == 0)
{
printf("time out\n");
}
else
{
int i = 0;
for(;i<n;i++)
{
if(events[i].events & EPOLLIN)
{
if( events[i].data.fd == sockfd )
{
struct sockaddr_in caddr;
int len = sizeof(caddr);
int c = accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&caddr,&len);
if ( c < 0 )
{
continue;
}
epoll_add(epfd,c);
printf("accept = %d\n",c);
}
else
{
char buff[128] = {0};
int num = recv(events[i].data.fd,buff,1,0);
if( num <= 0)
{
epoll_del(epfd,events[i].data.fd);
close(events[i].data.fd);
printf("one client over\n");
}
else
{
printf("recv(%d):%s\n",events[i].data.fd,buff);
send(events[i].data.fd,"ok",2,0);
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
int create_socket()
{
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sockfd == -1)
{
return -1;
}
struct sockaddr_in saddr;
memset(&saddr,0,sizeof(saddr));
saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
saddr.sin_port = htons(6000);
saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
int res = bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&saddr,sizeof(saddr));
assert(res != -1);
listen(sockfd,5);
return sockfd;
}
//epoll-ET.c
//I/O复用:epoll() ET模式
//ET模式必须使用非阻塞模式
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define MAXFD 10
int create_socket();
void setnonblock(int fd)
{
int oldflg = fcntl(fd,F_GETFL); //fcntl()可以设置非阻塞
int newflg = oldflg | O_NONBLOCK;
if(fcntl(fd,F_SETFL,newflg) == -1)
{
perror("fcntl error\n");
}
}
void epoll_add(int epfd,int fd)
{
struct epoll_event ev;
ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET; //ET模式
ev.data.fd = fd;
setnonblock(fd);
if( epoll_ctl(epfd,EPOLL_CTL_ADD,fd,&ev) == -1 )
{
perror("epoll_ctl error");
}
}
void epoll_del(int epfd,int fd)
{
if( epoll_ctl(epfd,EPOLL_CTL_DEL,fd,NULL) == -1 )
{
perror("epoll del erreo");
}
}
int main()
{
int sockfd = create_socket();
assert(sockfd != -1);
int epfd = epoll_create(MAXFD);
assert(epfd != -1);
epoll_add(epfd,sockfd);
struct epoll_event events[MAXFD];
while (1)
{
int n = epoll_wait(epfd,events,MAXFD,5000);
if( n == -1 )
{
perror("epoll error");
}
else if(n == 0)
{
printf("time out\n");
}
else
{
int i = 0;
for(;i<n;i++)
{
int fd = events[i].data.fd;
if(events[i].events & EPOLLIN)
{
if( fd == sockfd )
{
struct sockaddr_in caddr;
int len = sizeof(caddr);
int c = accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&caddr,&len);
if ( c < 0 )
{
continue;
}
epoll_add(epfd,c);
printf("accept = %d\n",c);
}
else
{
while(1)
{
char buff[128] = {0};
int num = recv(fd,buff,1,0);
if( num == -1 )
{
send(fd,"ok",2,0);
break;
}
else if( num == 0 )
{
epoll_del(epfd,fd);
close(fd);
printf("one client over\n");
break;
}
else
{
printf("buff(%d) = %s\n",fd,buff);
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
int create_socket()
{
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sockfd == -1)
{
return -1;
}
struct sockaddr_in saddr;
memset(&saddr,0,sizeof(saddr));
saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
saddr.sin_port = htons(6000);
saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
int res = bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&saddr,sizeof(saddr));
assert(res != -1);
listen(sockfd,5);
return sockfd;
}