常用模块与函数

1.高斯模块

import sys
import stdio
import math

def pdf(x, mu=0.0, sigma = 1.0):
    x = (x - mu)/sigma
    return math.exp(-x*x/2)/math.sqrt(2.0*math.pi)/sigma

def cdf(z, mu=0.0, sigma = 1.0):
    z = float(z-mu)/sigma
    if z < -8.0: return 0.0
    if z >  8.0: return 1.0
    total = 0.0
    term = z
    i = 3
    while total != total + term:
        total += term
        term *= z*z/i
        i += 2
    return 0.5 + total * pdf(z)

def main():
    z    =  float(sys.argv[1])
    mu   =  float(sys.argv[2])
    sigma=  float(sys.argv[3])
    stdio.writeln(cdf(z,mu,sigma))

if __name__ == '__main__':main()

2.随机数模块

import math
import random
import sys
import stdio

def uniformInt(lo, hi):
    return random.randrange(lo, hi)
def uniformFloat(lo, hi):
    return random.uniform(lo, hi)
def bernoulli(p = 0.5):
    return random.random() < p
def binomial(n, p=0.5):
    heads = 0
    for i in range(n):
        if bernoulli(p):heads += 1
    return heads
def gaussian(mu=0.0, sigma=1.0):
    r = 0.0
    while (r>=1.0) or (r==0.0):
        x = -1.0+2.0*random.random()
        y = -1.0+2.0*random.random()
        r = x*x+y*y
    c = x*math.sqrt(-2.0*math.log(r)/r)
    return c*sigma+mu
def discrete(a):
    r = uniformFloat(0.0, sum(a))
    subtotal = 0.0
    for i in range(len(a)):
        subtotal += a[i]
        if subtotal > r: return i
def shuffle(a):
    n = len(a)
    for i in range(n):
        r = random.randrange(i,n)
        temp = a[r]
        a[r] = a[i]
        a[i] = temp
    return a

def main():
    
    trials = int(sys.argv[1])
    for i in range(trials):
        stdio.writef('%2d ' , uniformInt(10,100))
        stdio.writef('%8.5f ' , uniformFloat(10.0,99.0))
        stdio.writef('%5s ' , bernoulli(0.5))
        stdio.writef('%2d ' , binomial(100,0.5))
        stdio.writef('%7.5f ' , gaussian(9.0,0.2))
        stdio.writef('%1d  ' , discrete([1,2,3,4]))
        stdio.writeln(shuffle([2,4,8,9,3,2,1]))
        #stdio.writeln()
if __name__ == '__main__':  main()

3.数据分析与绘制图形模块

import math
import stdarray
import stddraw
import stdio

def mean(a):
    return sum(a)/float(len(a))
def var(a):
    mu = mean(a)
    total = 0.0
    for x in a:
        total += (x-mu)*(x-mu)
    return total/(len(a)-1)
def stddev(a):
    return math.sqrt(var(a))
def median(a):
    a = sorted(a)
    #stdio.writeln(a)
    if len(a)%2 == 0:
        return((a[len(a)//2]+a[(len(a)//2)-1])/2.0)
    else:
        return( a[len(a)//2] )
def plotPoints(a):
    n = len(a)
    stddraw.setXscale(0,n-1)
    stddraw.setPenRadius(0.005)
    #stddraw.setPenRadius(1.0/(3.0*n))
    for i in range(n):
        stddraw.point(i,a[i])
def plotLines(a):
    n = len(a)
    stddraw.setXscale(0,n-1)
    stddraw.setPenRadius(0.0)
    for i in range(1,n):
        stddraw.line(i-1,a[i-1],i,a[i])
def plotBars(a):
    n = len(a)
    stddraw.setXscale(0,n-1)
    for i in range(n):
        stddraw.filledRectangle(i-0.25,0.0,0.5,a[i])
    

def main():
    
    a = stdarray.readFloat1D()
    stdio.writef('   mean: %7.3f\n',mean(a))
    stdio.writef('std dev: %7.3f\n',stddev(a))
    stdio.writef(' median: %7.3f\n',median(a))
    n = 20
    a = stdarray.create1D(n,0.0)
    for i in range(n):
        a[i] = 1.0/(i+1)
    plotPoints(a)
    stddraw.show()
    #plotLines(a)
    #stddraw.show()
    #plotBars(a)
    #stddraw.show()
    
   
if __name__ == '__main__':main()