Android 如何访问网络

主界面图片:
运行结果：

MainActivity代码块

一、绑定定控件，然后通过点击按钮获取url，由于打开url获取数据流的工作不能在主线程中工作，所以创建了内部类RequestNetworkDataTask （）继承自AsyncTask。
二、在内部类的doInBackground（）实现requestData（）方法。
三、在requestData（）方法中获取mEditView控件中的URL地址，并创建和打开链接，将获取的输入流解析并将结果返回。
四、在onPostExecute( )中将结果显示。

package com.example.qq_login;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    public EditText mEditText;
    public TextView mTextView;
    public Button mButton;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        findViews();
        setListenners();

    }

    private void setListenners() {
        mButton.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    private void findViews() {
        mEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);
        mTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);
        mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.button:
                String url = getEditTextUrl();

                //请求网络数据
                //1.申请网络权限

                new RequestNetworkDataTask().execute(url);

                break;
        }
    }

    private String getEditTextUrl() {
        return mEditText != null ? mEditText.getText().toString() : "";
    }

    private String requestData(String urlString) {
        try {
            URL url = new URL(urlString);
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            connection.setConnectTimeout(30000);
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");

            connection.connect();
            int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
            String responseMessage = connection.getResponseMessage();

            InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();

            Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"UTF-8");
            char[] buffer = new char[1024];
            reader.read(buffer);
            String content = new String(buffer);

            return content;

        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"非法的URL",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"读写错误",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
        }
        return null;
    }

    //异步处理

    class RequestNetworkDataTask extends AsyncTask<String,Integer,String>{

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
            //主线程
            //加载数据 UI Loading
        }

        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(String[] params) {
            String result = requestData(params[0]);
            return result;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
            super.onPostExecute(result);
            //执行完之后在主线程中
            mTextView.setText(result);
        }
    }
}

Layout代码块

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editText"
        android:hint="输入网址"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        >

    </EditText>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:hint="点击"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    </Button>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="结果"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</LinearLayout>

#代码整理自哔哩哔哩【微专业 · Android开发系列课程】Android网络与数据存储【2】