算法专题之树

莫里斯算法-&&-KMP算法

BST ：二叉搜索树。
TreeSet 有序，对象不重（用的是搜索二叉树进行的排序）
hashset 无序，对象不重，是基于hashMap的。

通用的二叉树遍历

由于是栈，又用到了黑白节点—所以顺序和正常的二叉树不同。如中序遍历是左根右，那么添加时要按照右根左添加，然后遍历才会是左根右的顺序

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    class ColorNode {
        TreeNode node;
        String color;
        
        public ColorNode(TreeNode node,String color){
            this.node = node;
            this.color = color;
        }
    }
    public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        if(root == null) return new ArrayList<Integer>();
            
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        Stack<ColorNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        stack.push(new ColorNode(root,"white"));
        
        while(!stack.empty()){
            ColorNode cn = stack.pop();
            
            if(cn.color.equals("white")){
                if(cn.node.right != null) stack.push(new ColorNode(cn.node.right,"white"));
                stack.push(new ColorNode(cn.node,"gray"));
                if(cn.node.left != null)stack.push(new ColorNode(cn.node.left,"white"));
            }else{
                res.add(cn.node.val);
            }
        }
        
        return res;
    }
}

验证二叉搜索树

迭代中序遍历：左根右。入栈顺序是先左子节点优先入栈，然后右子节点再入栈。然后按照左根右中序遍历顺序输出。(中序遍历----找节点的过程就一直入栈。找到节点就出栈)

class Solution {
  public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
    Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack();
    double inorder = - Double.MAX_VALUE;

    while (!stack.isEmpty() || root != null) {
      while (root != null) {
        stack.push(root);
        root = root.left;
      }
      root = stack.pop();
      // If next element in inorder traversal
      // is smaller than the previous one
      // that's not BST.
      if (root.val <= inorder) return false;
      inorder = root.val;
      root = root.right;
    }
    return true;
  }
}

不同二叉搜索树：

public class Solution {
  public int numTrees(int n) {
    int[] G = new int[n + 1];
    G[0] = 1;
    G[1] = 1;

    for (int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
      for (int j = 1; j <= i; ++j) {
        G[i] += G[j - 1] * G[i - j];
      }
    }
    return G[n];
  }
}

关于解析请看：
https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/unique-binary-search-trees/solution/liang-chong-jie-fa-by-jason-2-54/

列出可能的二叉搜索树

public List<TreeNode> generateTrees(int n) {
    List<TreeNode> ans = new ArrayList<TreeNode>();
    if (n == 0) {
        return ans;
    }
    return getAns(1, n);

}

private List<TreeNode> getAns(int start, int end) { 
    List<TreeNode> ans = new ArrayList<TreeNode>();
    //此时没有数字，将 null 加入结果中
    if (start > end) {
        ans.add(null);
        return ans;
    }
    //只有一个数字，当前数字作为一棵树加入结果中
    if (start == end) {
        TreeNode tree = new TreeNode(start);
        ans.add(tree);
        return ans;
    }
    //尝试每个数字作为根节点
    for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
        //得到所有可能的左子树
        List<TreeNode> leftTrees = getAns(start, i - 1);
         //得到所有可能的右子树
        List<TreeNode> rightTrees = getAns(i + 1, end);
        //左子树右子树两两组合
        for (TreeNode leftTree : leftTrees) {
            for (TreeNode rightTree : rightTrees) {
                TreeNode root = new TreeNode(i);
                root.left = leftTree;
                root.right = rightTree;
                //加入到最终结果中
                ans.add(root);
            }
        }
    }
    return ans;
}

参考：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/unique-binary-search-trees-ii/solution/xiang-xi-tong-su-de-si-lu-fen-xi-duo-jie-fa-by-2-7/

作者：LeetCode
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/unique-binary-search-trees/solution/bu-tong-de-er-cha-sou-suo-shu-by-leetcode/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。